Sabina Zgaga (Author), Maj Fritz (Author)

Abstract

Namen prispevka: Oborožene sile, ki delujejo v katerikoli operaciji v spektru vojaških operacij, morajo delovati v skladu z določenimi pravili in normami. Ker skupna pravila delovanja mednarodnih sil niso vedno ustrezna za vse sodelujoče države, lahko posamezna država, ki sodeluje v mednarodni operaciji, določi nacionalna pravila delovanja v mednarodni operaciji in poda nacionalne omejitve. Jasna opredelitev nacionalnih omejitev predstavlja jasno podlago za morebitno kasnejšo odgovornost kršitev teh omejitev v okviru kazenskega, prekrškovnega, disciplinskega ali pravdnega postopka. Prispevek obravnava pravila delovanja in nacionalne omejitve na splošno in v Sloveniji ter izpostavlja glavne problematike odgovornosti za kršitev nacionalnih omejitev pravil delovanja. Metode: Avtorja uporabljata metodo analize literature s tega področja in pravnih virov, v zvezi s tem pa tudi metodo opisovanja, metodo analize in sinteze, induktivnodeduktivno metodo ter metodo kompilacije. Ugotovitve: Zaradi zagotavljanja pravne varnosti ter večje učinkovitosti postopkov je pomembno, da so nacionalne omejitve vojaške misije vnaprej določene in da se v primeru njihovih kršitev tudi uveljavlja pravno odgovornost v pravnih postopkih. Za to se uporablja splošna slovenska kazenska zakonodaja, pri tem pa se odpirajo tako pravna kakor tudi praktična vprašanja. Za prekrškovno odgovornost pripadnikov slovenske vojaške misije v tujini ni pravne podlage, saj se država gostiteljica svoji jurisdikciji za prekrške običajno odpove, slovenski Zakon o prekrških (2011, 2013) pa vsebuje le teritorialno načelo. Po drugi strani pa slovenska zakonodaja omogoča disciplinsko in odškodninsko odgovornost pripadnikov slovenskih vojaških misij za kršitev nacionalnih omejitev. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Članek na celosten, kritičen in poglobljen način obravnava tematiko, ki je relevantna za Slovensko vojsko in slovensko pravosodje, saj se Slovenija udeležuje mednarodnih vojaških misij. Izsledki bodo relevantni za pripravo vojaških misij, izobraževanje pripadnikov misij ter morebitne izboljšave pravne podlage.

Keywords

vojaške misije;pravila delovanja;kazenska odgovornost;disciplinska odgovornost;odgovornost za prekršek;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
Organization: UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
UDC: 343:355/359
COBISS: 2772970 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1580-0253
Parent publication: Varstvoslovje
Views: 488
Downloads: 35
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: National caveats for rules of military engagement in international operations and consequences of their violation
Secondary abstract: Purpose: Armed forces units participating in any military operation within a spectrum of military operations must comply with certain rules and norms. Nevertheless, joint rules of engagement applicable to international forces are not always suitable for all participating countries. In such a case, individual countries may determine their own national rules of engagement for given international operations and place specific national caveats on the use of their forces. An unambiguous definition of national caveats serves as a clear basis for potential and subsequent enforcement of responsibility for any acts constituting violation of the caveats in criminal, misdemeanour, disciplinary, or civil proceedings. The article addresses the rules of engagement and national caveats in general as well as in Slovenia, emphasising the main issues regarding responsibility for violations thereof. Design/Methods/Approach: The authors use the method of analyzing expert literature and legal sources, as well as the descriptive method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the inductive-deductive method, and the compilation method. Findings: In order to ensure legal security and a higher level of efficiency of proceedings, it is important that national caveats of military operations be determined in advance and that, in the event of their violation, legal responsibility is enforced in legal proceedings. In the case of Slovenia, the general criminal legislation is applied, which gives rise to both legal and practical issues. There are no legal grounds for misdemeanour liability of Slovenian service members participating in military operations abroad, as the host nation usually renounces its misdemeanour jurisdiction, while the Slovenian Minor Offences Act-1 contains the territorial principle only. On the other hand, Slovenian legislation provides for disciplinary and damage liability for violation of national caveats. Originality/Value: The article is a comprehensive, critical, and in-depth analysis of the topic that is important for the Slovenian Armed Forces and Slovenian justice administration, as Slovenia participates in international military missions. The conclusions will be relevant in preparing military missions, education and training of service members to be deployed to missions, and for potential improvements to the legal basis.
Type (COBISS): Scientific work
Pages: str. 68-84
Volume: ǂLetn. ǂ16
Issue: ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology: 2014
ID: 11564822