magistrsko delo
Lea Žižek (Author), Darja Boršič (Mentor)

Abstract

Vsako gospodarstvo se srečuje z različnimi družbenimi, gospodarskimi in okoljskimi problemi. Ti se od države do države razlikujejo in imajo različno stopnjo kompleksnosti oziroma težavnosti, kar se odraža v oteženem uresničevanju raznih dolgoročnih globalnih ciljev, ki se dandanes vse bolj osredotočajo na trajnostni vidik kot najprimernejšo pot za svetovni razvoj. Manj razvite države imajo pri doseganju teh ciljev večje težave kot razvite države. Tako se oboje ob tem srečujejo s takšnimi ali drugačnimi izzivi, s katerimi se razvitejše države zagotovo lažje spoprijemajo. Tukaj pa se pojavi vprašanje, katere države so manj oziroma bolj razvite od drugih. Za opredeljevanje gospodarskega razvoja razne organizacije v osnovi povečini uporabljajo podobne kazalnike s področja življenjskega standarda, zdravja in izobrazbe, to so na primer bruto domači proizvod, pričakovano trajanje življenja in povprečno število let izobraževanja. Na podlagi teh kazalnikov so posamezne institucije oblikovale indekse, s katerimi se enostavno izmeri gospodarski razvoj. Osnovnega je izoblikovala Organizacija združenih narodov in se imenuje indeks človekovega razvoja. V okviru te in tudi drugih organizacij so ta indeks posodabljali ter ga na različne načine nadgrajevali, na primer s prilagoditvijo neenakosti, z vključujočimi komponentami in vplivom na okolje. Izboljšane oblike slednjega so neenakosti prilagojen indeks človekovega razvoja, indeks vseobsegajočega razvoja, indeks srečnega planeta in indeks boljšega življenja. V magistrskem delu se posvetimo predstavitvi pomembnih kazalnikov gospodarskega in trajnostnega razvoja ter kvalitete življenja. V okviru tega pojasnimo tudi računanje naštetih indeksov, kjer se poleg teh lotimo tudi razlage indeksa trajnostnega razvoja, ki je relativno novejša različica in meri gospodarski razvoj s poudarkom na trajnosti. Svetovna banka, Organizacija združenih narodov in Mednarodni denarni sklad pa imajo izoblikovane klasifikacije za razvrščanje držav po razvitosti, ki omogočajo enostavno organiziranje držav v skupine za lažje opravljanje analiz. Po vzoru preučene tematike oblikujemo svoj indeks razvoja, česar se lotimo z analizo 28 držav Evropske unije po posameznih izbranih kazalnikih. Indeks razvoja na prvi pogled izgleda podoben indeksu trajnostnega razvoja, ki pa smo mu dodali za nas izredno pomembno komponento, to je subjektivno merilo splošnega zadovoljstva z življenjem. Glede na posamezne kazalnike so imele najboljše rezultate Avstrija, Švedska, Finska, Luksemburg, Danska in Irska. Obratno pa so najslabši rezultati bili v Bolgariji, na Hrvaškem, Češkem, Madžarskem, Slovaškem, Poljskem, v Italiji in Romuniji. Kasneje pa so glede na iz geometrijske sredine pridobljen indeks razvoja padle v skupino z visokim gospodarskim razvojem Švedska, Danska in Finska, v skupino z nizkim razvojem pa Bolgarija, Romunija, Italija, Nemčija, Malta, Grčija in Madžarska. Vse ostale države EU-28 pa so srednje gospodarsko razvite.

Keywords

gospodarski razvoj;trajnostni razvoj;kakovost življenja;klasifikacija;kazalniki;Evropska unija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [L. Žižek]
UDC: 330.34
COBISS: 26121475 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 204
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Analysis of economic development indicators and quality of life indicators in European Union
Secondary abstract: Every economy is facing different social, economic, and environmental problems. These vary from country to country and have different levels of complexity. This is reflected in the difficulty of achieving the various global goals that are set for the long term and are nowadays increasingly focused on the sustainability aspect, seen as the most appropriate path for global development. Less developed countries have greater difficulties in achieving these goals than developed countries. Both groups, of course, are faced with challenges when these are in the phase of realization, which is certainly easier to solve by more developed countries. Here, however, the question arises as to which countries are less or more developed than others. To define economic development, various organizations use mostly similar indicators in the field of living standards, health, and education. Such as gross domestic product, life expectancy, and mean years of education. Based on these indicators, individual institutions have developed indices that can easily measure economic development. The basic one was developed by the United Nations and is called the Human Development Index. Within this and other organizations, the index has been updated and upgraded by, for example, adapting inequalities, inclusive components, and environmental impact. Improved forms of the latter are Inequality-adjusted human development index, Inclusive development index, Happy planet index, and Better life index. In the master's thesis, we focus on the presentation of important indicators of economic and sustainable development and quality of life. In this context, we also explain the calculation of the listed indices, where in addition to these we also deal with the interpretation of the sustainable development index, which is a relatively newer version and measures economic development with an emphasis on sustainability. The World Bank, the United Nations, and the International Monetary Fund have developed country classifications to classify countries by development, which makes the organization of countries into groups simpler and easier to analyse. Inspired by the studied topic, we formed our development index, which we started with an analysis of 28 countries of the European Union according to individual selected indicators. At first glance, the development index looks like the index of sustainable development, to which we have added an extremely important component for us, the subjective measure of overall life satisfaction. Austria, Sweden, Finland, Luxembourg, Denmark, and Ireland had the best results according to individual indicators. Conversely, the worst results were in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Italy, and Romania. Later, according to the geometric mean obtained from indices, Sweden, Denmark and Finland fell into the group with high economic development, and Bulgaria, Romania, Italy, Germany, Malta, Greece, and Hungary into the group with low economic development. All other EU-28 countries are medium developed.
Secondary keywords: economic development;quality of life;sustainable development;country classification;economic development index;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: III, 89 str., 10 str. pril.
ID: 11839420