Preprečevanje zlorab pri odpustu obveznosti v osebnem stečaju potrošnikov

primerjava med Slovenijo, Nemčijo in Hrvaško

Žan Šalamon (Author), Peter Podgorelec (Mentor)

Abstract

V magistrskem delu smo preučevali osebni stečaj potrošnika, natančneje institut odpusta obveznosti. Neprestano spreminjanje družbenih, gospodarskih in političnih razmer, višanje življenjskih stroškov, nepredvidljivost, zadolževanje ter drugi dejavniki in razlogi lahko privedejo do nezmožnosti odplačila vseh svojih obveznosti pri potrošniku. Postane lahko insolventen. Na takšen način se lahko začne postopek osebnega stečaja potrošnika ter postopek odpusta obveznosti. V družbi se pojavlja prepričanje, da se z odpustom obveznosti lahko doseže zloraba, in sicer je upnik lahko oškodovan. Opredelili smo osebni stečaj v Sloveniji, raziskali pravno podlago za osebni stečaj potrošnika, pogoje za nastanek insolventnosti. Preučili in analizirali smo statistične podatke za osebne stečaje v Sloveniji, in sicer kakšni so razlogi za te podatke, od kdaj so ti podatki relevantni ter kako so se spreminjali skozi določeno obdobje. Opredelili smo načela stečajnega postopka, predstavili insolventnost ter prijavo in preizkus terjatev ter stečajno maso. Predstavili smo dostop do objav dokumentov in podatkov o stečajnih postopkih preko spletne strani Agencije Republike Slovenije za javnopravne evidence in storitve. Raziskovali smo postopek osebnega stečaja in odpusta obveznosti v Sloveniji, Nemčiji in na Hrvaškem ter izvedli primerjavo ureditve odpusta obveznosti med Slovenijo, Nemčijo in Hrvaško. Predstavili smo postopke odpusta obveznosti v Sloveniji, Nemčiji in na Hrvaškem. Primerjali smo strogost pogojev in ovir za dosego odpusta obveznosti potrošnika. Preučili in primerjali smo pravna varovala v postopku odpusta obveznosti za preprečitev možnosti zlorab odpusta obveznosti. Ugotovili smo, da so pravne ureditve osebnega stečaja in odpusta obveznosti med primerjanimi državami podobne. Zasnovane so s podobnimi nameni. Večkrat se spreminjajo na podlagi ugotovitev v praksi, predlogov stroke, spreminjanja gospodarstva in razvoja in medsebojnih primerjav med državnimi ureditvami. Ugotovili smo, da imajo posamezne ureditve v državah določena določila dosego odpusta obveznosti zastavljena strožje, kot druge, določena manj strogo kot druge. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je vir odpusta obveznosti lahko vir najrazličnejših zlorab, saj kljub raznim pravnim varovalom, natančnim in strogim ureditvam, obstaja možnost, da dolžnik namerno izkoristi institut odpusta obveznosti, da bi pridobil razne koristi.

Keywords

odpust obveznosti;insolventnost;osebni stečaj;upniki;dolžniki;mednarodne primerjave;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher:	[Ž. Šalamon]
UDC:	347.736
COBISS:	35427075
Views:	449
Downloads:	75
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Prevention of abuse in consumer bankruptcy indulgencies
Secondary abstract:	In the master’s thesis we studied the personal bankruptcy of a consumer and focused on the instrument of debt relief. The constant changing of social, economic and political landscapes, increase in the cost of living, unpredictability, indebtedness and other factors and reasons can lead to a situation where a consumer is unable to repay all his liabilities and thus becomes insolvent. Consequently, a personal bankruptcy procedure and debt relief procedure can be initiated on the part of the consumer. Some people are convinced that debt relief may be misused to deprive creditors of their claims. We defined personal bankruptcy in Slovenia, analysed the legal basis for personal bankruptcy of a consumer, as well as the conditions for insolvency. We studied and analysed statistical data on personal bankruptcies in Slovenia, what the reasons behind this data are, when and how they changed with time. We defined the principles of a bankruptcy procedure, presented insolvency, lodgement and verification of claims and the insolvency estate. We describe how to access published documents and data regarding bankruptcy procedures via the website of the Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Public Legal Records and Related Services. We explored the personal bankruptcy procedure and debt relief procedures in Slovenia, Germany and Croatia and made a comparative analysis between Slovenia, Germany and Croatia. We describe debt relief procedures in Slovenia, Germany and Croatia. We compare how strict the conditions and barriers are for a consumer to achieve debt relief. We studied and compared legal safeguards in debt relief procedures to prevent the possibility of misuse. We found that personal bankruptcy and debt relief procedures are legally similarly regulated in the analysed countries, set up with a similar purpose, changing several times due to findings in practice, suggestions from experts in the field, changes in the economy and other developments or comparisons between various national regulations. We found that individual regulations in countries have stricter provisions for achieving debt relief than others. We found that the instrument of debt relief may be misused in various ways, as despite legal safeguards, precise and strict regulation, there is still the possibility that the debtor deliberately uses the instrument of debt relief to procure an advantage.
Secondary keywords:	remission of debt;insolvency;personal bankruptcy;creditor;debtor;comparison;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages:	II, 69 str.
ID:	11877057