Upravičljiva in opravičljiva skrajna sila

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Ramza Aličajić (Author), Miroslav Žaberl (Mentor)

Abstract

V diplomski nalogi smo obravnavali institut skrajne sile v slovenskem pravnem redu. Najprej smo opredelili splošni pojem kaznivega dejanja kot osnovo za razumevanje diplomske naloge. Pojem kaznivega dejanja po bolj ali manj uveljavljeni kazenskopravni teoriji, sestavljajo trije pogoji. Ti so voljno ravnanje, ki je vezano na bit inkriminacije, protipravnost in krivda. Nato smo nadaljevali z razčlenitvijo in opisom obeh vrst skrajne sile, ki sta v veljavi danes. Za skrajno silo gre takrat, ko se srečamo s kolizijo dveh pravno zavarovanih dobrin, ki sta lahko enakovredni ali ne. Če sta dobrini neenakovredni, govorimo o upravičljivi skrajni sili, ki bo ob izpolnjenih pogojih izključila protipravnost. Kadar pa bi šlo za enakovredni dobrini, govorimo o opravičljivi skrajni sili, ki izključuje krivdo. Pri obeh oblikah skrajne sile se pozornost nameni predvsem pogojem, ki morajo biti izplonjeni, da bi storilcu nekega kaznivega dejanja skrajno silo sploh lahko priznali. Obravnavali smo tudi prejšnjo ureditev skrajne sile v Republiki Sloveniji in izpostavili zakaj le-ta ni bila primerna. Za primerjavo smo opredelili sorodne institute, kot sta silobran, ter kompulzivna sila in grožnja. Največ pozornosti smo namenili institutu silobrana. Izpostavljene so tudi razlike med tema dvema institutoma. Na koncu diplomske naloge smo predstavili še nekaj primerov iz prakse, ki se nanašajo na skrajno silo v cestnem prometu. Z izbranimi primeri smo prikazali uporabnost instituta skrajne sile tudi, ko gre za prekrške. Poleg tega smo izpostavili in podrobno obdelali tudi kaznivo dejanje povzročitve prometne nesreče iz malomarnosti (323. člen Kazenskega zakonika) in kaznivo dejanje nevarne vožnje (324. člen Kazenskega zakonika), pri katerih lahko pride do sklicevanja na skrajno silo.

Keywords

diplomske naloge;skrajna sila;upravičljivost;opravičljivost;protipravnost;krivda;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[R. Aličajić]
UDC:	343.226(043.2)
COBISS:	22602499
Views:	820
Downloads:	167
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Justified and excusable necessity
Secondary abstract:	In the diploma thesis, we discussed the institute of extreme necessity in the Slovenian legal system. We first defined the general concept of a crime as a basis for understanding the diploma thesis. The concept of a crime according to a more or less established criminal law theory consists of three conditions. These are voluntary actions that are tied to the essence of incrimination, unlawfulness and guilt. We then proceeded to break down and describe the two types of extreme necessity in place today. Extreme necessity is when we encounter a collision of two legally insured goods, which may or may not be equivalent. If the goods are unequal, we are talking about a justifiable extreme necessity that will, if the conditions are met, exclude unlawfulness. However, when it comes to equivalent goods, we are talking about a justifiable extreme necessity that excludes guilt. In both forms of extreme necessity, attention is paid primarly to the conditions that must be met in order for the perpetrator of a crime to be recognized as having extreme necessity at all. We also discussed the previous regulation of extreme necessity in the Republic of Slovenia and pointed out why it was not appropriate. For comparison, we identified related institutes such as self-defense and compulsive force and threat. We paid the most attention to the institute of self-defense. The differences between these two institutes are also highlighted. At the end of the diploma thesis, we presented some examples from practice that relate to extreme necessity in road traffic. With selected examples, we demonstrated the applicability of the institute of extreme necessity, even when it comes to misdemeanors. In addition, we have pointed out and elaborated on the criminal offense of causing a traffic accident through negligence (Article 323 of the Criminal Code) and the criminal offense of dangerous driving (Article 324 of the Criminal Code), in which extreme force may be invoked.
Secondary keywords:	necessity;justification;excusable;unlawfulness;guilt;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VI, 34 str.
ID:	11901347