magistrsko delo
Valentin Justin Tratnik (Author), Petra Weingerl (Mentor)

Abstract

Varstvo temeljnih pravic in svoboščin je v 21. stoletju v EU nekaj samoumevnega. Na podlagi 2. člena Pogodbe o Evropski uniji EU temelji na vrednotah, ki spoštujejo človekovo dostojanstvo, svobodo, demokracijo, enakosti, pravne države in spoštovanja temeljnih pravic. Nadalje 49. člen PEU pogojuje članstvo v EU s spoštovanjem vrednot iz 2. člena PEU, vključno s spoštovanjem temeljnih pravic. Danes Listina, ki je zavezujoča od leta 2009, predstavlja moderen pravni dokument, ki poleg "klasičnih" temeljnih pravic vsebuje tudi novo generacijo pravic. Ustaljenim "klasičnim" pravicam, kot so npr. pravica do življenja, nediskriminacije in enakosti pred zakonom, so v Listini dodane tudi novejše pravice, kot so npr. varstvo potrošnikov, varstvo okolja in druge, ki obstajajo zgolj v pravnem redu EU, npr. prosto gibanje, aktivna in pasivna volilna pravica na volitvah v Evropski parlament in na lokalnih volitvah. Listina obsega sedem poglavij, pri čemer prvih šest poglavij temeljne pravice ureja vsebinsko, zadnje, sedmo, poglavje pa ureja splošna pravila o razlagi in uporabi Listine. Ta magistrska naloga se ukvarja s sedmim poglavjem Listine. Po sprejetju Listine je bilo eno ključnih vprašanj njeno področje uporabe, ki je urejeno v njenem 51. členu. Uporabo Listine delimo na uporabo s strani organov EU in uporabo s strani držav članic (DČ). Medtem ko je Listina za organe EU zavezujoča vedno, torej, kadar ravnajo znotraj okvirjev prava EU in kadar ravnajo izven okvirjev prava EU, Listina DČ zavezuje zgolj, kadar izvajajo pravo EU. Pri področju uporabe Listine je potrebno upoštevati tudi prvi odstavek 6. člena PEU, ki določa, da se z Listino na nikakršen način ne širijo pristojnosti EU, kot so opredeljene v Pogodbah. V zvezi z 51. členom Listine se postavi tudi vprašanje uporabe Listine v horizontalnih razmerjih. Poleg področja uporabe Listine je ključno tudi vprašanje ravni varstva, ki ga zagotavlja Listina. Tako je danes varovanje temeljnih pravic v DČ urejeno na več ravneh. Temeljne pravice se varujejo preko ustav DČ, Listine, EKČP in drugih mednarodnih dokumentov. Prav kvantiteta pravnih aktov, ki varujejo temeljne pravice, lahko povzroči določene probleme, ki jih je potrebno razjasniti. Po več kot desetletju sprejema Listine je vprašanj vedno več. V tem zaključnem delu bom zato s svojim raziskovalnim delom poskusil osvetliti nekatera relevantna vprašanja v zvezi z uporabo in razlago Listine.

Keywords

pravo EU;temeljne pravice;človekove pravice;Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah;Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah;uporaba Listine ratione materiae;uporaba Listine ratione personae;razlaga Listine;Zadeva 29/69;Erich Stauder proti mestu Ulm - Sozialamt.;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [V. J. Tratnik]
UDC: 341:347.12(043.3)
COBISS: 28088579 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 420
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Rules on the scope and interpretation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
Secondary abstract: In the 21st century, the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms is taken for granted in the EU. Pursuant Article 2 Treaty on the European Union, the EU is founded on values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for fundamental rights. Further, Article 49 TEU conditions the accession to the EU on ensuring to respect the values of Article 2 TEU, including respect for fundamental rights. The Charter, binding since 2009, represents a modern legal document, that next to "classic" fundamental rights also entails a new generation of fundamental rights. These "classic" rights such as the right to life, non-discrimination and equality before the law are joined by rights such as consumer protection, environmental protection and other rights that only exist in the EU legal order, e.g. free movement, right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections. After the adoption of the Charter, one of the key open questions concerned its field of application. The field of application of the Charter is now regulated in its Article 51. The field of application of the Charter is divided, on the one hand, on its applicability for institutions and bodies of the EU and, on the other hand, its applicability for Member States. While the Charter always applies to bodies and institutions of the EU, it only applies to Member States when they are implementing EU law. When exploring the field of application of the Charter, recourse must be made to the first paragraph of Article 6 TEU, as the provisions of the Charter shall not extend the competences of the EU as defined in the Treaties. Following the question of the field of application of the Charter, the question of the level of protection granted by the Charter arises. There are several levels of human rights protection in the Member States. These are protected by national constitutions, the Charter, ECHR and other international treaties. Precisely the quantity of legal documents that protect fundamental rights can cause legal problems that must be clarified. More than a decade after the adoption of the Charter there are more questions than answers relating to the applicability and interpretation of the Charter. Therefore, in this thesis, I will try to shed light on some of these questions.
Secondary keywords: EU law;fundamental rights;human rights;European Convention on Human Rights;Charter of fundamental rights of the European union;application of the Charter ratione materiae;application of the Charter ratione personae;interpretation of the Charter;Case 26/69;Stauder v stadt Ulm.;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: 57 str.
ID: 12000525