Razvoj umetne inteligence pri tehnoloških multinacionalkah

magistrsko delo

Aljaž Vitko (Author), Samo Bobek (Mentor)

Abstract

Umetna inteligenca je široka panoga računalništva, ki se ukvarja z gradnjo pametnih strojev, sposobnih za izvajanje nalog, ki običajno zahtevajo človeško inteligenco. Gre za interdisciplinarno znanost z več pristopi, vendar napredek v strojnem učenju, kakor tudi v globokem učenju ustvarja premik paradigme v skoraj vseh sektorjih tehnološke industrije. Pojem umetne inteligence je za marsikoga še nekaj novega in neraziskanega, vendar najdemo zametke umetne inteligence že v letu 1950, ko se je matematik Alan Turing spraševal, ali lahko stroji mislijo. Pomembno je razumevanje in razlikovanje pojmov umetne inteligence, strojnega učenja in globokega učenja. Umetno inteligenco smo že na kratko povzeli, strojno učenje je podvrsta umetne inteligence, kjer gre za učenje iz izkušenj, globoko učenje je nadalje podskupina strojnega učenja, ki se je sposobno učiti samo. Pomembnost umetne inteligence se skozi leta samo povečuje, kar pa ne preseneča, saj le ta prinaša olajšanje človekovega življenja, podjetjem pa prinaša korist od povečane donosnosti in gospodarsko rast. Umetna inteligenca prinaša številne prednosti, posledično pa se je težko izogniti tudi določenim slabostim. Kot splošno prednost lahko izpostavimo, da umetna inteligenca opravlja rutinska dela namesto ljudi, ki lahko v tem času opravijo zanj pomembnejša oziroma umsko zahtevnejša dela. Kar je ob enem lahko prednost, pa je lahko tudi slabost, saj lahko pride do kršenja zasebnosti (varstvo osebnih podatkov) ali pa ukinitve delovnega mesta zaradi avtomatizacije. Skupaj z razvojem umetne inteligence se mora zato razvijati tudi etičnost, katera se mora vgraditi v sisteme, tako da je v skladu z našimi standardi in človekovimi pravicami in svoboščinami. V empiričnem delu magistrske naloge smo se osredotočili na analizo umetne inteligence pri svetovnih multinacionalkah. Zanimalo nas je, ali imajo podjetja s podobno dejavnostjo tudi podobno razvito umetno inteligenco, zato smo le to preučevali med dvema podjetjema, ki se ukvarjata s podobno dejavnostjo in sicer je primerjava stekla med spletnima družbenima omrežjema (Facebook in Twitter), spletnima iskalnikoma (Google in Bing), spletnima trgovinama (Alibaba in Amazon). Z analizo smo pri vsaki dvojici podjetij našli skupna stičišča in jih tudi predstavili. Nadalje nas je zanimalo, ali lahko pri vseh preučevanih podjetjih najdemo kakšno skupno točko in glede da gre za tehnološke multinacionalke smo lahko tudi pri tem našli povezave, kakor pa tudi razlike v razvitosti. Za vsa podjetja lahko sklenemo, da so se intenzivno usmerila v razvoj umetne inteligence in so le to povzpela na visoki nivo, še vedo pa tudi sami vidijo možne izboljšave in nadaljnji razvoj, v katerega tudi vlagajo veliko sredstev. Skozi magistrsko nalogo smo želeli prikazati, da se umetni inteligenci v današnjem času več ne moremo izogniti niti v zasebnem življenju. Večina velikih podjetij je umetno inteligenco že vključila v svoje poslovanje, srednje velika in mala podjetja pa se ji prav tako več ne bodo mogla izogibati, če želijo slediti hitro spreminjajočem se poslovnem okolju. Ker pa je umetna inteligenca skoraj tako pametna kot človek, v nekaterih pogledih ga celo prekaša, pa bo ključno tudi, da se uredi stroga globalna zakonodaja v izogib potencialnim zlorabam.

Keywords

informacijska tehnologija;umetna inteligenca;strojno učenje;globoko učenje;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher:	[A. Vitko]
UDC:	004.8
COBISS:	36341251
Views:	616
Downloads:	171
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Development of artifical intelligence in technology multinationals
Secondary abstract:	Artificial intelligence is a broad branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, but advancements in machine learning and deep learning are creating a paradigm shift in virtually every sector of the tech industry. The concept of artificial intelligence is for many still something new and unexplored, but the beginnings of artificial intelligence can be traced to the 50’s, when the mathematician Alan Turing was wondering if machines can think. It is important to understand and differentiate the concepts of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning. We already briefly summarized artificial intelligence; machine learning is a subtype of artificial intelligence, based on experiential learning, and deep learning is a subgroup of machine learning, which is able to learn on its own. The importance of artificial learning is only increasing over the years, which is not surprising, since it brings relief to the human life and companies experience benefits from increased incomes and economic growth. Artificial intelligence has numerous advantages and consequently it is hard to avoid certain weaknesses. As a general advantage, we can stress out that artificial intelligence performs routine tasks for us, while we perform more important or more mentally challenging tasks. An advantage can at the same time be a weakness, since it can lead to a violation of privacy (personal data protection) or abolishment of a workplace due to automation. Therefore, along with the development of artificial intelligence ethics must develop, which need to be implemented into systems according with our standards and human rights and freedoms. In the empirical part of the master’s thesis, we focused on the analysis of artificial intelligence in global multinational companies. We wanted to know if companies with similar operations have similarly developed artificial intelligence. We studied this in the case of pairs of companies, engaged in similar activities. We compared: online social networks (Facebook and Twitter), online search engines (Google and Bing) and online stores (Alibaba and Amazon). Within the analysis, we found common points of each pair of companies and presented them. Further on, we wanted to know, if we can find a common point between all the studied companies, and considering the fact that they are all multinational technological companies, we could find similarities and differences in their development. For all the companies, we can say that they intensively focused on the development of artificial intelligence and lifted it to a very high level, but are still able to see possibilities for improvement and further development, in which they invest a lot of means. Throughout the master’s thesis, we wanted to show that artificial intelligence can nowadays no longer be avoided, not even in out private life. The majority of large companies have already introduced it into their business activities, and medium and small companies will no longer be able to avoid it, if they want to follow the changing business environment. Since artificial intelligence is almost as smart as a human being, in some aspects even smarter, it will be also crucial to prepare a strict global legislation to avoid potential misuse.
Secondary keywords:	artificial intelligence;machine learning;deep learning;technology;artificial intelligence in companies;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages:	74 str.
ID:	12005270