Ana Košir (Author), Enej Hadžić (Author), Jasna But Hadžić (Author)

Abstract

Uvod: Glede na trenutne trende lahko pričakujemo, da naj bi eden od dveh fantov in ena od treh deklet današnjih najstnikov do 75. leta starosti zboleli za rakom. Po podatkih državnega programa za obvladovanje raka bi lahko kar 40 % rakavih bolezni preprečili z zdravim načinom življenja in izogibanjem dejavnikom tveganja. Za to bi morali najstniki dobro poznati dejavnike tveganja, da bi v prihodnosti zmanjšali pojavnost te bolezni. Namen: Glavni namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako dobro najstniki poznajo dejavnike tveganja nastanka raka, ter preveriti, ali je razlika v znanju med spoloma ter med različno starimi najstniki. Metode dela: V raziskavo smo vključili 185 najstnikov, starih med 12 in 15 let (54 % fantov, 46 % deklet), ki so izpolnili mednarodni vprašalnik o poznavanju dejavnikov tveganja nastanka raka. Vprašalnike smo nato prenesli v elektronsko obliko s pomočjo spletnega orodja 1KA, ki nam je omogočil pripravo in tudi delno obdelavo rezultatov. Rezultati: Najstniki na splošno dobro poznajo dejavnike tveganja za nastanek raka, saj so med najpogostejšimi 10 dejavniki pravilno opredelili 6,7 dejavnika. Fanti so imeli statistično pomembno (p = 0,026) nižjo povprečno oceno 6,44 kot dekleta, ki so imela oceno 6,95, pri čemer sta razliki nastali v oceni kajenja in telesne mase. V obeh primerih je več deklet kot fantov pravilno opredelilo ta dejavnik tveganja. 58 % učencev skrbi, da bodo zboleli za rakom, pri tem pa je med spoloma bistvena razlika, saj to skrb izraža 74 % deklet in le 44% fantov (p < 0,001). Med najpomembnejšimi dejavniki tveganja slovenski najstniki na prvem mestu navajajo kajenje (55 %), na drugem alkohol (24 %), na tretjem sevanje (14 %) in na četrtem nezdravo prehrano (14 %). Med učenci se jih 83 % strinja, da nekatera živila povečajo možnost nastanka raka. Pri vprašanju o številu potrebnih dnevnih porcij sadja in zelenjave je povprečen odgovor 3,5 porcije od priporočenih 5. Večina učencev (69 %) meni, da je rdeče meso dejavnik tveganja za nastanek raka, samo polovica pa ve, da je treba dnevno zaužiti manj kot 5 g soli. Da je vzdrževanje zdrave telesne mase eden najpomembnejših načinov preprečitve raka, se strinja 81 % učencev, 85 % pa jih meni, da je telesna dejavnost povezana s preprečevanjem nastanka raka. 87 % učencev dobro pozna nevarnost sončenja, prav tako pa dobro opredeljujejo alkohol kot dejavnik tveganja, čeprav jih 74 % ni prepričanih, ali imajo vse alkoholne pijače enak učinek. Zaključki: Raziskava kaže na zelo dobro poznavanje dejavnikov tveganja za nastanek raka med slovenskimi najstniki. Zato menimo, da lahko današnja mladina v primerjavi s prejšnjimi generacijami doseže manjšo obolevnost za rakom ob nadaljnjem širjenju informacij o teh dejavnikih, ki temeljijo na dokazih.

Keywords

onkologija;dejavniki tveganja;najstniki;kajenje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: OI - Institute of Oncology
UDC: 613.9
COBISS: 24702467 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1408-1741
Parent publication: Onkologija
Views: 1081
Downloads: 352
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Knowledge of cancer risk factors among Slovenian teenagers
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Based on current trends, one can expect that one in two teenage boys and one in three teenage girls will have been diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. According to the National Cancer Management Program, as many as 40% of cancers could be prevented through healthy lifestyles and avoidance of risk factors, and teens should be well aware of risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of this dangerous and common disease in the future. Purpose: The main aim of our study was to determine how well teenagers are aware of the cancer risk factors and to check for sexand age-related differences in knowledge. Methods: We included 185 teenagers between the ages of 12 and 15 (54% boys, 46% girls) who completed an international questionnaire on cancer risk factors. We then transmitted the questionnaires electronically using the 1KA online tool, which allowed us to prepare and partially process the results. Results: In general, teenagers are well aware of the risk factors for cancer, with 6.7 factors correctly identified among the top ten. Boys had a statistically significant (p = 0.026) lower mean score of 6.44 than girls who had a score of 6.95, with knowledge about smoking and body weight being the source of differences. In both cases, more girls than boys correctly identified those risk factors. 58% of teenagers worry about being diagnosed with cancer, with a significant gender gap, with 74% of girls and only 44% of boys expressing this concern. Smoking (55%), alcohol (24%), radiation (14%) and unhealthy nutrition (14%) are among the most important cancer risk factors for Slovenian teenagers. Among teenagers, 83% agree that certain foods increase the chance of cancer. When asked about the number of daily servings of fruit and vegetables required for cancer prevention, the average answer was 3.5 servings out of the recommended 5. Most students (69%) believe that red meat is a risk factor for cancer, and only half know that we should consume less 5 g of salt daily. 81% of schoolchildren agree that maintaining a healthy body weight is one of the most important ways to prevent cancer, and 85% believe that physical activity is related to preventing cancer. 87% are well aware of the dangers of UV radiation (sunbathing) and are also good at identifying alcohol as a risk factor, although 74% are not convinced that all alcoholic beverages have the same effect. Conclusions: The research indicates a very good knowledge of the cancer risk factors among Slovenian teenagers, so we believe that today's youth can achieve a lower cancer incidence rate than previous generations through further dissemination of evidence-based information about these factors.
Pages: str. 26-31
Volume: ǂLetn. ǂ24
Issue: ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology: 2020
DOI: 10.25670/oi2020-004on
ID: 12010349