diplomsko delo
Alen Berk (Author), Marko Romih (Author), Valerija Žager (Reviewer), Janez Podobnik (Mentor), Katja Romarić (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Pri difuziji molekul vode gre za pasivni postopek, pri katerem ta prehaja iz območja z višjo koncentracijo proti območju z nižjo. Vse metode difuzijsko poudarjenih pulznih zaporedij temeljijo na difuziji vode ter hitrem planarnem slikanju z močnim difuzijskim bipolarnim gradientom. Osnovno difuzijsko poudarjeno slikanje se v možganih uporablja za detekcijo in kategorizacijo kapi ter možganskih lezij. Za slikanje z inkoherentnim intravokselnim premikom je značilna perfuzijska komponenta, ki temelji na izračunih signalov molekul vode v krvi ob prehodu skozi kapilarno mrežo. Difuzijsko tenzorno slikanje temelji na upoštevanju anizotropnosti difuzije vode, difuzijsko kurtozno slikanje pa upošteva še odstopanja od Gaussovega difuzijskega modela, torej ustrezneje upoštevata kompleksnost difuzije vode v možganih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je preko sistematičnega pregleda literature predstaviti prednosti in slabosti posameznega difuzijskega modela pri določenih bolezenskih spremembah možganov ter tako analizirati, kateri je najprimernejši za uporabo pri posamezni spremembi. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu sva uporabila deskriptivno metodo ter sistematično analizo člankov. Vključila sva tiste, ki so ustrezali zastavljenim vključitvenim kriterijem: članki zapisani v zadnjem desetletju na področju patologije odraslih možganov ter interesnih difuzijskih modelov. Literaturo sva zbrala v obdobju od 15. 10. 2019 do 15. 3. 2020, tako iz tujih kot iz slovenskih bibliografskih baz. Rezultati: V pregled sva vključila 25 člankov, ki sva jih predstavila v dveh ločenih tabelah. Prva je zajemala podatke o tipu študije, modelu difuzije, številu udeležencev ter patologiji in uporabljeni b vrednosti. V drugi pa sva v strnjeni obliki zapisala ključne ugotovitve posameznega članka. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovila sva, da difuzijsko poudarjeno slikanje in slikanje z inkoherentnim intravokselnim premikom dajeta zelo dobre informacije pri odkrivanju akutne možganski kapi, razlikovanju različnih tumorjev centralnega živčnega sistema in določanju njihove stopnje. Njuna slabost se kaže predvsem v slabši kakovosti slike. Difuzijsko kurtozno slikanje je superiorno pri pridobivanju mikrostrukturne informacije celotnih možganov, tako bele kot sive možganovine, difuzijsko tenzorno slikanje pa je nekoliko bolje klinično ustaljen model, se pa ponekod modela tudi dopolnjujeta. Meniva, da sva opredelila prednosti in slabosti posameznih difuzijskih pulznih zaporedij ter predstavila njihovo klinično rabo.

Keywords

diplomska dela;radiološka tehnologija;difuzija;planarno slikanje;difuzijski modeli;nevrološka obolenja;možgani;odrasli;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [A. Berk
UDC: 616-07
COBISS: 27699971 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 228
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Overview of new diffusion pulse sequences in magnetic resonance imaging of the head
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Diffusion of water molecules is a passive process in which the water molecules move from the region of higher concentration towards the lower one. All diffusion weighted pulse sequences are based on fast planar imaging with the addition of bipolar gradient. Basic diffusion weighted imaging is used for detection and categorization of various brain lesions and stroke. Intravoxel incoherent motion uses an additional perfusion component which is based on signal calculation of water molecules in blood when it passes through the capillary web. Diffusion tensor imaging is based on understanding anisotropic movement of water, while diffusion kurtosis imaging also incorporates deviation from the Gaussian diffusion model. Therefore, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging are more efficient in understanding the complex process of water diffusion in brain matter. Purpose: The purpose of diploma work is to systematically overview the literature, determine the advantages and disadvantages of each diffusion model and the most appropriate one for diagnosing a certain neurological condition. Methods: In diploma work we used a descriptive method and systematic analysis of numerous scientific articles. In our systematic review we included the articles that matched our inclusion criteria: articles written in the last decade about diffusion models and the pathology of adult brain. We acquired literature from Slovene and foreign bibliographic databases from 15. 10. 2019 to 15. 3. 2020. Results: We have included 25 articles in our overview and organised them in two separate tables. The first one contains information about the type of the study, diffusion model, number of participants, neurological pathology and b value used in the study. In the second table are brief key findings of an individual article. Discussion and conclusion: Based on our review we have established that diffusion weighted imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion are useful in diagnosing acute brain ischemia, brain tumour grading and categorization, while their disadvantage is poor image quality. Diffusion kurtosis imaging is in acquiring microstructural information of the whole brain better than diffusion tensor imaging. The latter is more established in practice. We believe that we have successfully presented advantages and disadvantages of each diffusion model and their clinical use.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;radiologic technology;diffusion;planar imaging;diffusion models;neurological diseases;brain;adults;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za radiološko tehnologijo
Pages: 41 str.
ID: 12029455