diplomsko delo
Petra Kunc (Author), Borut Bohanec (Mentor)

Abstract

Kmetijske rastline so vir prehrane, zato si pridelovalci že od nekdaj prizadevajo izboljšati obstoječe lastnosti. S klasičnim žlahtnjenjem so pridobili številne izboljšane lastnosti gojenih rastlin, vendar je postopek dolgotrajen in rezultira tudi neželene modifikacije. V zadnjem času je biotehnološki napredek veliko pripomogel k izboljšanju le želenih lastnosti, saj so uporabljene metode natančne in lahko z njimi spremenimo točno določene gene v rastlini. Najbolj uporabljene metode genomskega preurejanja so nukleaze z motivi cinkovih prstov (ZFN), nukleaze z uporabo TAL efektorejv (TALEN) ter gruče enakomerno prekinjenih palindromnih ponovitev (CRISPR/Cas9). V svojem delu sem predstavila uspešne primere genomskega preurejanja z metodama CRISPR/Cas9 in TALEN ter opisala zakonsko regulacijo novih tehnik žlahtnjenja (NBT) v Evropski uniji in nekaterih drugih državah. Načrtovan TALEN je sestavljen iz dveh TALE-vezavnih mest ter cepitvene domene, katero predstavlja encim FOK1. TALEN prepozna tarčno mesto dveh DNA vezavnih domen, encim FOK1 pa prereže dvojno vijačnico DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 je preprosta in učinkovita metoda za mestno specifično mutagenezo. Temelji na principu delovanja prilagodljivega imunskega sistema bakterij in arhej, ki so ga le-te razvile kot obrambni mehanizem pred vdorom patogenov. Voden CRISPR/Cas9 je sestavljen iz sgRNA in proteina Cas9. sgRNA vodi Cas9 do tarčnega mesta, Cas9 pa je odgovoren za prelom DNA s čimer onemogoči, da bi se vdirajoč virus podvajal.

Keywords

genomsko preurejanje;zakonska regulacija NBT;CRISPR/Cas9;TALEN;ZFN;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [P. Kunc]
UDC: 606:631.528:602.6:582.5/.9(043.2)
COBISS: 27822083 Link will open in a new window
Views: 389
Downloads: 66
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Description and achievements of genome editing methods in plant breeding
Secondary abstract: Agricultural crop plants are a source of nutrition, so growers have always strived to improve existing traits. Conventional breeding has acquired many improved characteristics of cultivated plants, but the process is time consuming and also results in unwanted modifications. Recent progress in biotechnology have led to improvement of only desired traits in plants. New methods are precise and can be used to edit specific genes in a plant. The most important methods of genome editing are zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), TAL effector nucleases (TALEN), and cluster regulary interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR / Cas9). In my work I have presented achievements in genome editing using CRISPR / Cas9 and TALEN and also described the regulatory framework of new breeding techniques (NBTs) in the European Union and some other countries. The artificial TALEN consists of two TALE binding domains and a cleavage domain represented by the FOK1 enzyme. TALEN recognizes the target site of two DNA binding domains, FOK1 enzyme cuts the double stranded DNA. CRISPR / Cas9 is a simple and effective method for site-specific mutagenesis. It is based on the principle of the adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea, which they have developed as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Synthesized CRISPR / Cas9 consists of sgRNA and Cas9 protein. sgRNA leads Cas9 to the target site, and Cas9 is responsible for double strand break, thereby preventing the invading virus from duplicating.
Secondary keywords: genome editing;regulatory approach of NBTs;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages: X, 20 str.
ID: 12031221