diplomsko delo
Zarja Medved (Author), Polona Žnidaršič Plazl (Mentor)

Abstract

Z izčrpavanjem naravnih zalog nafte postaja nuja po alternativnih obnovljivih virih energije in kemikalij vedno večja. Biomasa, ki je odpadek nekaterih industrij, bi lahko bila uporabna surovina za pridobivanje biogoriv in drugih produktov z dodano vrednostjo. Glavne komponente lignocelulozne biomase so celuloza, hemiceluloza in lignin. Valorizacija celuloze iz biomase je že uveljavljen postopek, kjer se celuloza pretvori v enostavne sladkorje, ki so primerni za nadaljnjo pretvorbo. Komercialno se na ta način pridobiva bioetanol. Procesi valorizacije lignina so zaenkrat še nekomercialni in zato manj primerni za industrijsko raven. V biorafinerijah se bodo v prihodnosti usmerili v sovalorizacijo lignina in celuloze. Drug vir lignina bi lahko bil lignin, ki je stranski produkt papirne industrije. Ta lignin je kemijsko modificiran, kar bi pri snovanju postopkov valorizacije morali upoštevati. Valorizacija lignina bi se lahko usmerila v biološko smer, kjer bi s posnemanjem procesov razgradnje biomase s pomočjo nekaterih bakterij in gliv bele trohnobe lahko pridobivali uporabne kemikalije. Z genetsko manipulacijo določenih bakterij so nekateri znanstveniki že ugotovili, da je možno biološko usmeriti pretvorbo več substratov in produkcijo manjšega števila končnih produktov. Izziv heterogene strukture lignina je na ta način rešen. Produkti valorizacije lignina so lahko goriva, materiali in druge kemikalije z dodano vrednostjo.

Keywords

lignoceluloza;lignin;glive;encimi;peroksidaze;lakaze;biorafinerije;valorizacija;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [Z. Medved]
UDC: 66.098(043.2)
COBISS: 30840067 Link will open in a new window
Views: 667
Downloads: 189
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass and lignin valorisation
Secondary abstract: With the depletion of natural oil reserves, the need for alternative renewable sources for energy and chemicals is growing. Waste biomass which is a side product of some industries, can be used as feedstock to produce biofuels and other value-added products. The main components of lignocellulosic biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The valorisation of cellulose from biomass is an established process of converting cellulose to simple sugars, which can be converted in further processing operations. Commercial product of cellulose valorisation is bioethanol. Lignin valorisation processes are still non-commercial and therefore less suitable for industrial scale. In the future, biorefineries will focus on the co-valorisation of lignin and cellulose. Another source of lignin could be the lignin that is a by-product of the paper industry. This lignin is chemically modified, which should be taken into account when designing valorisation processes. The valorisation of lignin could be steered in the biological direction, where useful chemicals could be obtained by mimicking the processes of biomass degradation in nature. White rot fungi and certain bacteria are capable of just that. Through genetic modifications of certain bacteria, some scientists have already found that it is possible to biologically funnel the conversion of several substrates to a smaller number of end products. The challenge of the heterogeneous structure of lignin is thus solved. Lignin valorisation products can be fuels, materials and other value-added chemicals.
Secondary keywords: lignocellulose;biorefinery;valorisation;lignin;fungi;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000372
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, UNI Kemijsko inženirstvo
Pages: 45 str.
ID: 12031345