Secondary abstract: |
The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical work, which was undertaken in kindergarten and remotely. In the theoretical part, we presented the characteristics of the initial science for children, and we described the properties of water and its physical states, as well as the physical forms of other substances. In doing so, we presented the development of thinking as presented by Piaget in four stages. However, since Piaget was not the only researcher of his time, we also cited critiques of his theory and theorists that appeared later. In the empirical part, we presented a study we conducted with 45 children - in kindergarten and by remote observation. With the interview, we wanted to find out the development of children's thinking, in connection with thephysical states and a certain age. We selected children aged 2 to 6 years as a sample. The research found that children, in most cases, recognise all the physical states of water. In doing so, 2- and 3-year-olds needed some help to answer correctly, such as illustrations of the actual substance and the transitions of the states of matter. Nevertheless, for the substances (water, muddy water, juice, ice and butter) they did not need an illustration of the actual substance or an experiment with the transition of the physical state, to give a correct answer. 4- and 5-year-olds needed verbalassistance to answer correctly, but not regarding "water" and "ice". Meanwhile, 6-year-olds needed verbal assistance only with the substance "water". |