diplomsko delo
Maja Graj (Author), Tomaž Lampe (Reviewer), Mojca Divjak (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Kronična bolečina v križu je eden najpogostejših povzročiteljev hitrih upokojitev, invalidnosti in je hkrati veliko zdravstveno breme države na vseh področjih. Kronično bolečino v križu opisujemo kot bolečino z epizodo več kot 12 tednov, lokalizirano pod rebri in nad spodnjo glutealno mišico. Ker je večina prebivalstva podvržena najmanj enkratnemu izkustvu bolečine v križu, je pomembno podati najučinkovitejše ukrepe za zniževanje socialnega, ekonomskega in duševnega bremena. Pri obravnavi kronične bolečine v križu, je pomemben celosten pristop z obravnavo problema na funkcionalni in duševni ravni. V 95 % se za zdravljenje uporabljajo različne konzervativne metode, katerih učinkovitost pa ni popolnoma dokazana. Pod znanstveno dokazane štejemo oblike edukacije in vedenjske terapije, kinezioterapijo in druge multidisciplinarne pristopi. Pod učinkovite pa štejemo tudi oblike manulane terapije, različne fizikalne postopke in ortotično oskrbo. Slednje se lahko uporabljajo za zdravljenje in lajšanje posledic bolečine, ali pa kot preventiva pri preprečevanju ali ponovitvi pojava bolečine. Namen: Namen zaključnega dela, je s pomočjo strokovne literature prikazati učinkovitost konzervativnih metod zdravljenja kronične bolečine v križu. Metode dela: Opravljen je bil sistematični pregled strokovne literature, s deskriptivno metodo raziskovanja. Omejili smo se na iskanje literature med letoma 2000 in 2020, ter na slovenski ali angleški jezik besedila. Rezultati: Iz pregleda literature smo izbrali 5 preglednih člankov in 7 kliničnih študij primera, kjer so preiskovali učinek metode na zmanjšanje kronične bolečine v križu. Članki se med seboj razlikujejo glede na vrsto konzervativne terapije in drugih učinkov, ki so jih preiskovali. V večini primerov avtorji niso dokazali delovanja konzervativne metode, a so kljub temu potrdili učinke na zmanjševanje bolečine, odsotnosti od dela in na izboljšanje funkcionalnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Iz izsledkov rezultatov, ni mogoče izbrati terapije, ki bi bila najučinkovitejša. Med naj učinkovitejšimi sta poleg klasične terapije izstopali le toga lumbosakralna ortoza in oblike manualne terapiji. Obe metodi, lahko potrdimo kot učinkovit nadomestek in koristen dodatek k drugim metodam zdravljenja. Ostalim terapijam pa je bil dokazan blagodejen učinek, a ne dovolj za znanstvene trditve. Pri izdelavi zaključnega dela smo zajeli preširok spekter oskrbe zdravljenja, zaradi česar ne moramo potrditi najprimernejše metode. Za nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo primerno, da izberemo eno metodo in njeno učinkovitost preverimo v vseh variacijah. Zavedamo se, da je ob pojavu bolečine potreben individualni pristop in celosten pogled na pacienta. Šele ko se naučimo z kronično bolečino živeti, jo lahko tudi uspešno saniramo.

Keywords

diplomska dela;ortotika in protetika;kronična bolečina v križu;zdravljenje;konzervativne metode;ortotična oskrba;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [M. Graj]
UDC: 617.3
COBISS: 29026051 Link will open in a new window
Views: 476
Downloads: 164
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Effectiveness of orthothic [!] treatment for chronic back pain with other conservative approaches
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common causes of early retirement, disability, and is also a major health burden for states in all areas. Chronic low back pain is described as pain with an episode over 12 weeks, localized below the ribs and above the lower gluteal muscle. As the majority of the population is exposed to at least one episode of low back pain, it is important to provide the most effective treatment to reduce the social, economical and mental burden. We have various conservative methods for treating the low back pain, but effectiveness of most of them has not been fully proven. Scientifically proven include forms of educational therapy, kinesiotherapy, and other multidisciplinary approaches. Forms of manual therapy, physical procedures, and orthotic care, are also considered as effective. Orthotics can be used to treat and alleviate the pain, or as a preventive method in preventing or recurring pain. Purpose: The purpose of our final work is to show the effectiveness of various conservative methods for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Methods: A systematic review of the professional literature was performed, with a descriptive research method. We limited ourselves to searching the literature between 2000 and 2020, written in Slovene or English language. Results: From the review of literature, we selected 7 clinical case studies and 5 meta-analyses, where the effect on pain reduction of the specific method was investigated. The articles differ from each other depending on the type of conservative therapy and on other investigated effects. In most cases, the authors didn't support the effectiveness oh the specific conservative method, but still confirmed the effects on reduction of pain, absenteeism, and improving functionality. Discussion and conclusion: From to review of the results it is impossible to choose the most effective method. Among the most effective standard classical care, only rigid lumbosacral orthosis and manual therapy have shown the results and stood out. Both methods can be confirmed as an effective substitute and a useful adjunct to other methods of treatment. Other treatments have been shown to have beneficial effects, but not enough for scientific claims. In the process of final work, we covered a too wide range of treatment methods, which is why we are unable to confirm the most appropriate method. For further research, it would be appropriate to select one method and check its effectiveness in all variations. We are aware that the onset of pain requires an individual approach and a holistic view of the patient. Only when we learn how to live with the chronic pain, we are able to successfully heal it.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;orthotics and prosthetics;chronic low back pain;conservative methods;orthotic care;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za protetiko
Pages: 30 str.
ID: 12042910