enovit magistrski študij farmacija
Abstract
Raziskovalna skupina oddelka za imunologijo Univerzitetnega medicinskega centra v Utrechtu, na Nizozemskemu, je razvila predklinično cepivo na osnovi človeških dendritičnih celic (DC), pridobljenih iz CD34+ krvotvornih matičnih celic (KMC) izoliranih iz popkovnične krvi. Cepivo bodo uporabili v klinični študiji, v katero bodo vključili pediatrične bolnike z akutno mieloblastno levkemijo (AML), in sicer po kemoterapiji in presaditvi KMC iz popkovnične krvi. Glavna tarča imunske terapije bo znani onkoprotein Wilmsovega tumorja 1 (WT1), ki je prisoten pri več kot 90% pediatričnih bolnikov z AML. DC, ki jih opremimo z antigenom WT1 bodisi v obliki mRNA za celotno dolžino proteina ali z definiranimi peptidi, ki jih učinkovito vežejo in predstavljajo ustrezni aleli molekul HLA razreda I, izzovejo specifičen citotoksični T celični imunski odziv in posledično ubijanje preostalih levkemičnih blastov po presaditvi KMC. Izkoreninjenje vseh tumorskih celic je ključnega pomena za preprečitev ponovnega izbruha bolezni, ki je poglavitni vzrok visoke smrtnosti bolnikov z AML. Cilj našega dela je bil določiti optimalen način opremljanja DC s specifičnimi antigeni onkoproteina WT1 za uspešno indukcijo protitumorskih klonov CD4+ in CD8+ limfocitov T. S tem smo želeli ojačati antigenski potencial celičnega cepiva za vzpostavitev dolgoročnega protitumorskega celičnega spomina. Poleg tega smo z uporabo človeških levkemičnih celičnih linij optimizirali 4-urni citotoksični test s CD4+ in CD8+ limfociti T, opremljenimi z rekombinantnimi T-celičnimi receptorji (TCR), specifičnimi za antigenski peptidni epitop (aminokislinsko zaporedje 126-134) WT1, vezan na molekulo HLA-A2, pri čemer smo tarčne celice označili s fluorescenčnim barvilom CellTrace Violet (CTV). Kot tarčne celice smo uporabili tumorske celice, ki izražajo molekule HLA-A2 in jih bodisi transficirali z mRNA z zapisom celotne dolžine proteina WT1 ali pa jih opremili s sintetiziranimi peptidi, sestavljenimi iz po 15 aminokislinskih ostankov, za katere smo v predhodnih raziskavah dokazali, da imajo največjo sposobnost aktivacije citotoksičnih limfocitov T. Izvajali smo tudi 24-urne T-celične aktivacijske teste in teste ELISA, s katerima smo potrjevali omenjene ugotovitve. Določili smo štiri konstrukte zapisov DNA za naraščajoča aminokislinska zaporedja proteina WT1, pri čemer smo za osnovo vzeli dobro raziskani peptidni epitop RMFPNAPYL (aminokislinski ostanki 126-134) WT1, ki se veže na molekule HLA-A2. Uspešno smo izbrali začetne oligonukleotide za njihovo pomnoževanje z metodo PCR in tako pridobili želene fragmente DNA. Te smo nato vstavili v plazmidni vektor pcDNA 3.1 in jih klonirali v bakterijah Escherichia coli. Kljub večkratnim poskusom pa nam iz bakterijskih kolonij žal ni uspelo izolirati ustreznih klonov plazmidne DNA.
Keywords
dendritične celice;celično cepivo;Wilmsov tumor 1;akutna mieloblastna levkemija;verižna reakcija s polimerazo;
Data
Language: |
Slovenian |
Year of publishing: |
2017 |
Typology: |
2.09 - Master's Thesis |
Organization: |
UL FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy |
Publisher: |
[Á. Zag] |
UDC: |
616.155.392+661-097:615(043.3) |
COBISS: |
4329585
|
Views: |
311 |
Downloads: |
39 |
Average score: |
0 (0 votes) |
Metadata: |
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Other data
Secondary language: |
English |
Secondary title: |
Evaluation of different methods used for introducing Wilm's tumor1 antigenic peptide into cord blood-derived dendritic cells |
Secondary abstract: |
Research group at immunology department in University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Netherlands, developed a pre-clinical dendritic cell vaccine derived from cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. The vaccine will be used in an upcoming clinical trial to prevent relapses in acute myeloid leukemia pediatric patients after receiving chemotherapy and cord blood stem cell transplantation. Since the oncoprotein Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in more than 90% of pediatric leukemia cases, it will be the target of our vaccine strategy. Dendritic cells, loaded with WT1 antigen, either in the form of full length mRNA or HLA class I restricted Wilms’ tumor 1 peptides, cause induction of WT1 specific cellular immunity which enables CD8+ T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic killing of leukemia blasts remaining in the patient after transplantation. Eradication of last leukemic cells is the key step to prevent relapses and high mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
The objective of our study was to elucidate the optimal antigen loading strategy of dendritic cells for the induction of WT1 specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which can enhance the antigenic potential of the vaccine and consequently induce long-term immunological memory. As such, we optimised a 4 hour long cytotoxic assay using recombinant T cell receptor CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes as effector cells, specific for Wilms’ tumor 1 126-134 epitope and human leukemia cell lines as target cells, labelled with CellTrace Violet fluorescent viability marker. With this method we compared the cytotoxic activity of tumor cells loaded with full length mRNA or 15 amino acid long peptides, where the latter seemed superior to elicit T cell mediated cytotoxic killing of loaded tumor cells. We performed a 24hour T cell activation assay as well as ELISA assay and came to the same conclusions. Afterwards we generated 4 DNA constructs coping for increasing sizes of amino acid sequences, where we took a known Wilms’ tumor 1 epitope ( a.a.126-134) RMFPNAPYL, which specifically binds to HLA-A2 molecules as the template of our designs. We successfully determined the flanking primers and amplified the DNA sequences using the PCR method. We ligated these fragments into the pcDNA 3.1 plasmid vector and transduced them into Escherichia Coli. Unfortunately, despite our best efforts and multiple trials, we could not detect the correct plasmid DNA fragments after isolation of grown bacterial colonies. |
Secondary keywords: |
Levkemija; |
Type (COBISS): |
Master's thesis/paper |
Thesis comment: |
Univ. Ljubljana, Fak. za farmacijo |
Pages: |
IV, 71 str. |
ID: |
12048505 |