Kontrola opreme pod tlakom

magistrsko delo

Mateja Kočevar (Author), Boris Jerman (Mentor), Klementina Zupan (Thesis defence commission member), Mitja Kožuh (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

Oprema pod tlakom je v uporabi po vsem svetu v različnih aplikacijah na zasebnem področju in v industriji. Zaradi razlike med notranjim tlakom posode in tlakom okolice ter same narave in količine shranjenih medijev lahko predstavlja veliko nevarnost oz. tveganje. V pregledu literature je na kratko povzeta zgodovina opreme pod tlakom, nezgode, povezane z opremo pod tlakom ter glavni mejniki, ki so prispevali k razvoju varnostno-tehničnih standardov, predpisov ter posledično bolj varnih inženirskih praks. Povzeta je aktualna evropska zakonodaja, implementacija le te v slovenski pravni red in standardi, ki pokrivajo načrtovanje, izdelavo in kontrolo opreme pod tlakom. Podrobneje so predstavljene predpisane periodične kontrole opreme pod tlakom (OPT) in njihova pomembnost ter delo akreditiranih kontrolnih organov pri izvajanju kontrol tlačnih posod. Predstavljene so različne vrste tlačnih posod, delitev tlačnih posod v razrede in lastnosti gradiv, primernih za izdelavo tlačnih posod. Prikazan je pregled mehanizmov in načinov odpovedi opreme pod tlakom. Korozija je kot eden najpomembnejših mehanizmov odpovedi OPT opisana podrobneje. Na podlagi številnih študij in drugih razpoložljivih statističnih podatkov o nezgodah pri delu z opremo pod tlakom so podani glavni vzroki za odpoved in nevarnosti oz. tveganja, ki jih predstavlja izpust neke snovi iz sistema pod tlakom. V drugem delu naloge so predstavljeni konkretni primeri neskladnosti pri OPT, predvideni vzroki zanje in morebitne posledice, če posamezne obravnavane neskladnosti ne bi bile odkrite.

Keywords

oprema pod tlakom;tlačne posode;parni kotli;varnost opreme pod tlakom;pregledovanje;preskušanje;kontrola;odpovedi;nezgode;korozija materialov;kontrolni organi;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher:	[M. Kočevar]
UDC:	331.45:621.772.4(043.2)
COBISS:	36775171
Views:	380
Downloads:	83
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Inspection of pressure equipment
Secondary abstract:	Pressure equipment is in use worldwide in a variety of applications in the private field and in industry. Due to the difference between the internal pressure of the container and the ambient pressure and the very nature of the stored media as well as its quantity, it poses a great danger and risk. The literature review briefly summarizes the history of pressure equipment, pressure equipment accidents, and major milestones that have contributed to the development of safety standards, laws, and consequently safer engineering practices. Current European legislation, its implementation in the Slovenian legal order and standards covering the design, manufacture and control of pressure equipment are summarized. The prescribed periodical controls of pressure equipment and their importance are presented in more detail, as well as the work of the accredited control bodies in performing controls of pressure equipment. Different types of pressure vessels, division of pressure vessels into classes and properties of materials suitable for the production of pressure vessels are presented. An overview of the mechanisms and methods of failure of pressure equipment is presented. Corrosion is described in more detail as one of the most important mechanisms of pressure equipment failure. Based on a number of studies and other available statistics on accidents when working with pressure equipment, the main causes of failure and the dangers posed by the release of a substance from a pressurized system are given. The second part of the paper presents concrete cases of non-compliance in pressure equipment, the anticipated causes and possible consequences if individual non-compliances were not detected.
Secondary keywords:	pressure equipment;safety;inspection;failure;accidents;corrosion;inspection bodies;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	1000378
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, smer Tehniška varnost
Pages:	95 str.
ID:	12058466