Mednarodnopravna ureditev zaščite ljudi pred prisilnimi izginotji

(magistrsko diplomsko delo)

Ana Pisar (Author), Maša Kovič Dine (Mentor)

Abstract

Prisilna izginotja so že dalj časa obstoječ globalni fenomen. Čeprav se ga mednarodna skupnost že več desetletij trudi nasloviti in zajeziti, pri tem doslej ni bila vedno uspešna. Problematika prisilnega izginotja se kaže predvsem v pojmovanju in definiranju, saj le ta predstavlja trajajoče ravnanje, ki vključuje več kršitev človekovih pravic, razvoj pravne ureditve pa je v različnih vejah mednarodnega prava potekal neenotno. Danes prisilna izginotja ureja običajno mednarodno humanitarno pravo, ki prisilna izginotja prepoveduje; mednarodno kazensko pravo, ki prisilna izginotja opredeli kot hudodelstvo zoper človečnost in mednarodno pravo varstva človekovih pravic, kjer poteka največ progresivnega razvoja. V pravu človekovih pravic prepoved prisilnih izginotij per se ni obstajala do sprejema prvega zavezujočega pravnega akta na tem področju t.j. Mednarodne konvencije za zaščito vseh ljudi pred prisilnimi izginotji, ki enovito in celovito ureja prisilna izginotja in postavlja zahteve po inkriminaciji ravnanja. Glavna težava te konvencije pa je v skromnem številu ratifikacij, kar ji znižuje avtoriteto. Navkljub izčrpnemu korpusu pravil, ki prepovedujejo prisilna izginotja in opredeljujejo odgovornost kršiteljev, je praksa izvajanja prisilnih izginotij danes vse večja, tudi na strani liberalnih in demokratičnih držav, kot so Združene države Amerike, ki so prisilna izginotja v obliki pridržanj v osamitvi in tajnih izročitev izvajale v okviru boja zoper terorizem. Mednarodna skupnost nosi končno odgovornost, da zagotovi spoštovanje temeljnih načel varstva ljudi pred prisilnimi izginotji in tako zaščiti čim več človeških življenj.

Keywords

mednarodno pravo;prisilno izginotje;Mednarodna Konvencija za zaščito vseh ljudi pred prisilnimi izginotji;človekove pravice;boj zoper terorizem;pridržanja v osamitvi;izročitve v tajnosti;magistrske diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[A. Pisar]
UDC:	341(043.2)
COBISS:	32436227
Views:	467
Downloads:	135
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	International Legal Framework for Protection of Persons form Enforced Disappearance
Secondary abstract:	Enforced or involuntary disappearances have been a persisting global phenomenon and although the international community has put a lot of effort into their regulation, it has not always been successful. Problems have arisen mainly in the search for a comprehensive definition, as the term “enforced disappearances” stands for a long-lasting offence that includes violations of several human rights and has evolved differently in several areas of international law. It is now regulated by customary international humanitarian law which includes a prohibition of enforced disappearances, by international criminal law as it constitutes a crime against humanity and by international human rights law. Until the adoption of the first legally binding instrument, the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, human rights law did not include per se such a prohibition. The Convention is the first act that presented a comprehensive and uniform set of measures regulating enforced disappearances and set out the requirements for criminalisation of the named act. However, the Convention has been ratified by only a few states which undermines its authority. Beside the extensive corpus of legalisation that prohibits enforced disappearances the most recent state practice shows a non-compliance with the said rules, as even the most democratic states namely the USA have been resorting to enforced disappearances. The USA have been violating the rules prohibiting disappearances with the practice of incommunicado detentions and extraordinary renditions in the context of war on terror. It is now the responsibility of the international community to take appropriate measures in order to secure the respect of the fundamental principles of human rights protection and therefore protect as many human lives as possible.
Secondary keywords:	international law;enforced disappearances;International Convention for protection of all persons from enforced disappearances;human rights;war on terror;incommunicado detentions;extraordinary renditions;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Pravna fak.
Pages:	VII, 49 f.
ID:	12058555