magistrsko delo
Abstract
Učitelji razrednega pouka se v razredu soočamo z marsikatero težavo ali travmo, ki jo učenci
prinesejo v šolo iz domačega okolja. V takem primeru je naša naloga, da poizkušamo učencu,
ki ima težave, pomagati na način, ki njemu najbolj ustreza. Načinov za pomoč je iz leta v leto
več in prav vsi ne ustrezajo vsem učencem enako. Ugotoviti moramo, katera oblika pomoči
oziroma način izražanja bo najbolj pomagal posameznemu učencu, ki se sooča z osebnimi
težavami in stiskami. Eden izmed načinov, ki se ga lahko kot učitelji razrednega pouka
poslužujemo, so tudi likovne dejavnosti. Kljub temu da učitelji nismo psihoterapevti, lahko
likovne dejavnosti uporabimo kot način, da učencu izboljšamo počutje in njegovo delovanje.
Kot učitelji razrednega pouka poučujemo tudi likovno umetnost in iz tega znanja lahko
izhajamo tudi pri likovnih dejavnostih, s katerimi skušamo pomagati učencu k izboljšanju
psihofizičnega stanja, počutja in izražanja.
V magistrskem delu obravnavamo in raziskujemo učinke uporabe likovnih materialov ter
načinov likovnega izražanja (likovnih motivov) kot podporne oblike pomoči učenki, ki se
spopada s smrtjo enega od staršev. V akcijsko raziskavo je bila vključena učenka, starosti 10
let, iz osrednje Slovenije. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako lahko z uporabo različnih
likovnih materialov ter načinov likovnega izražanja (likovnih motivov), kot oblike pomoči z
umetnostjo, pripomoremo k izražanju čustev ter doživljanje le-teh v okviru pouka likovne
dejavnosti na predmetni stopnji osnovnošolskega izobraževanja, obenem pa rešujemo
zastavljene učne cilje s področja predmeta likovna umetnost.
Pozitivne učinke pomoči z likovnimi dejavnostmi navajajo številne raziskave, pri pregledu
strokovne literature pa smo opazili pomanjkanje raziskav na področju nudenja pomoči z
likovnimi dejavnostmi osebam v šolskem okolju, otrokom, ki se spopadajo s smrtjo bližnjega,
še posebej na razredni stopnji osnovnošolskega izobraževanja. Vemo, da otroci pri soočanju s
smrtjo enega od staršev potrebujejo dolgotrajno podporo in pomoč, zato iščemo vedno nove
možnosti pomoči in ena izmed njih je lahko tudi pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi.
V prvem delu naloge opredelimo in predstavimo pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi in
osvetlimo teoretične osnove, ki izhajajo iz raziskav uporabe likovnih dejavnosti v namene
pomoči. Pozornost namenimo tudi obravnavi soočanja otrok s smrtjo. Teoretična izhodišča so
nam služila za postavitev smernic akcijske raziskave.
V empiričnem delu naloge smo želeli ugotoviti, kako lahko z uporabo likovne dejavnosti
pripomoremo k omilitvi negativnih posledic žalovanja v okviru pouka likovne vzgoje,
obenem pa reševali zastavljene učne cilje s področja predmeta likovna umetnost. S pomočjo
kreativnega medija smo osebo vodili skozi proces samoraziskovanja in izražanja ter
prepoznavanja občutkov in čustev, povezanih s stanjem izgube bližnje osebe.
V tej magistrski nalogi smo izvedli akcijsko raziskavo, ki je bila osnovana na spremljanju in
evalviranju desetih srečanj nudenja pomoči z likovnimi dejavnostmi. Oseba je bila stara 10
let. Posameznika, ki se sooča z izgubo enega od staršev, smo izbrali namensko, z vnaprej
določenimi kriteriji. Načrtovani program je obsegal reševanje likovnih problemov, kateremu
je sledil pogovor in vrednotenje likovnega izdelka.
Pri zbiranju podatkov smo uporabili metodo opazovanja, metodo spraševanja, dokumentarno
gradivo in dnevniške zapise. Magistrsko delo vsebuje opise konkretnih tematskih aktivnosti
za uporabo likovnih dejavnosti v procesu pomoči, zato je lahko v pomoč vsem učiteljem
razrednega pouka in drugim strokovnjakom, ki bi v svojo prakso želeli vključiti likovne
dejavnosti kot proces pomoči soočanja z različnimi težavami.
Keywords
pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi;likovnovzgojni proces v osnovni šoli;akcijska raziskava;žalovanje;samopodoba;komunikacija;
Data
Language: |
Slovenian |
Year of publishing: |
2020 |
Typology: |
2.09 - Master's Thesis |
Organization: |
UL PEF - Faculty of Education |
Publisher: |
[N. Bergant] |
UDC: |
7:615.851(043.2) |
COBISS: |
32448515
|
Views: |
269 |
Downloads: |
37 |
Average score: |
0 (0 votes) |
Metadata: |
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Other data
Secondary language: |
English |
Secondary title: |
Art therapy as a resource for primary students' coping with a loss of a parent |
Secondary abstract: |
Teachers in primary school are facing many problems and traumas which students bring to
the school from their home environment. In such a case, it is our job to find the most
appropriate way and method to help student solve that problems. There are every year more
and more available ways to help children facing the problems and it’s our responsibility to
figure out which type of assistance or the manner of expression is the most helpful for the
individual student who is facing personal issues. One of the ways that we as primary school
teachers can use are art activities. Even though we are not psychotherapist, we can use art
activities to improve student’s well-being and life. As primary school teachers we teach fine
arts and this knowledge can be a starting point also for the art activities with which we are
trying to help students to improve the psychophysical condition, well-being and
communication.
This Master's thesis addresses and researches the effects of different art activities and
materials used as a supportive form of assistance to a student who is facing the death of one
parent. In a qualitative action research, which I conducted was included 10 years old female
student from central Slovenia.
The main purpose of the research was to analyse, how can usage of different art activities and
materials helps to express student’s feelings and to experience them in the context of the fine
arts class and at the same time reach syllabus that fine arts curriculum includes.
There exist many researches on the effectiveness of art therapy, but at the same time I
observed a lack of empiric researches in the field of assisting students by using fine arts
which are facing their parents death, especially on the lower levels of primary education. The
fact is that students need long-term support and permanent assistance in coping death event in
their family, and that is the reason why we are in constant searching for new possibilities to
help them. I believe that art activities are important option which can to certain extent help
improving the quality of their lives.
First part of my thesis focuses on definitions of art therapies and illuminates theoretical
background which derive from art therapies researches. I am also dealing with grieving issue
and its negative consequences for young students. That theoretical background served as a
qualitative action research guideline.
On the other hand, empirical part focuses on the key question of my master thesis – can art
activities alleviate negative effects of student's grieving and at the same time reach the
syllabus that fine arts curriculum includes. Using a creative medium method, we guided that
student through the process of self-exploration and expression of emotions connected to
event of losing one of the parents.
As already mentioned, we conducted qualitative action research based on monitoring and
evaluation of 10 sessions of art therapy. Person was 10 years old and she was chosen in
advance in accordance with predefined criteriums. Each session included art activities,
followed by conversation and interpretation of art product.
For the purpose of my research I used an observational and questioning method, documentary
material and my notes taken during each session.
This Master's thesis includes a detailed description of art activities in the process of art
therapy and as such, can contribute to every primary school teacher or other expert which is
willing to include art therapy as an assistance method for their students. |
Secondary keywords: |
fine arts;likovna umetnost; |
File type: |
application/pdf |
Type (COBISS): |
Master's thesis/paper |
Thesis comment: |
Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje na razredni stopnji z angleščino |
Pages: |
71 str. |
ID: |
12076590 |