Rekonstrukcija kaznivega dejanja s preiskovanjem oblik krvnih sledi

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Neža Munih (Author), Katja Eman (Mentor), Robert Praček (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Pri preiskovanju kaznivega dejanja imajo ključno vlogo dokazi, saj ti dokazujejo elemente kaznivega dejanja, povezujejo morebitnega osumljenca s kaznivim dejanjem ali ga izključujejo in na objektiven način pripomorejo rekonstruirati dogajanje ob storitvi kaznivega dejanja. V kriminalističnem preiskovanju imajo velik pomen tako imenovane biološke sledi, ki jih je moč najti tako na kraju kaznivega dejanja kot v njegovi okolici, na storilcu in njegovih oblačilih, na žrtvi in njenih oblačilih ter na predmetih, ki so povezani s kaznivim dejanjem, storilcem ali žrtvijo. Ena izmed pomembnih dokaznih materialov, ki jih štejemo med biološke sledi, je kri. Preiskovanje različnih oblik krvnih sledi – mlake krvi, kapljice, sledi vlečenja, sledi brisanja krvi ipd. – je lahko ključno za reševanje primera kaznivega dejanja, saj lahko s pomočjo le-te rekonstruiramo kaznivo dejanje, torej lahko določimo začetek dejanja, gibanje oseb med dejanjem, posamezna mesta dogodkov in zaporedje dogodkov. Seveda pa morajo biti preiskovalci dobro seznanjeni z načini opazovanja in preiskovanja krvnih sledi. Pomembno je tudi dobro poznavanje biokemije in fizike. Krvne sledi lahko v grobem razdelimo v tri skupine. Prva skupina so tako imenovane pasivne sledi, za katere je značilno, da kri pade na podlago, zaradi delovanja sile težnosti – krvni strdki, mlake, srage in kapljičaste sledi. V drugo skupino sledi sodijo krvne sledi, ki nastanejo, ko kri zadene ob podlago z neko dodatno silo – sledi zamahov, razpršene sledi in brizge. Tretja skupina pa so tako imenovane prenosljive sledi, za katere velja, da se kri z dotikom prenese na drug predmet in tako nastanejo krvavi odtisi ali sledi brisanja. Pri samem preiskovanju krvnih sledi je pomembno tudi, da le-te ostanejo nespremenjene oziroma da se jih ohrani do prihoda preiskovalcev. Postopek preiskave območja mora biti jasen, preiskovalna ekipa pa mora imeti usklajeno predstavo o tem, kako bo preiskava potekala. Sledi se lahko namreč zlahka uničijo, kar pa lahko pomembno vpliva na razplet kaznivega dejanja. Kontaminacijo kraja kaznivega dejanja se prepreči z nošenjem zaščitnih oblačil in mask. Pri samem zbiranju materialnih dokazov je pomembno tudi dokumentiranje – fotografiranje, skiciranje in pisanje zapisnika. Velik del zaključne naloge sestavlja opisovanje različnih oblik krvnih sledi, postopki, s katerimi lahko določimo njihov izvor ali vzrok in nenazadnje rekonstrukcija kaznivega dejanja s preiskovanjem krvnih sledi.

Keywords

diplomske naloge;preiskovanje krvnih sledi;dokumentiranje oblik krvnih madežev;analiza oblik krvnih sledi;rekonstrukcija kaznivega dejanja;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[N. Munih]
UDC:	343.98(043.2)
COBISS:	39910403
Views:	460
Downloads:	78
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Crime scene reconstruction with bloodstain pattern analysis
Secondary abstract:	While investigating a criminal act the evidence plays a key role, for it determines the elements of a criminal act, tying the potential suspect with the criminal act or excluding him and in an objective manner contributing to the reconstruction of the events during the committing of a criminal offense. In the criminal investigation the so-called biological trails are of great significance. They can be found at the crime scene as well as in its surroundings; on the perpetrator and his clothing, on the victim and his clothing and on the objects, that are linked to the criminal act, perpetrator or victim. One of the more important material pieces of evidence that we count as biological trails is blood. The investigation of different forms of bloodstain patterns – pools of blood, droplets, smears, wipes, etc. – can be key to solving a case of a criminal act. With the help of the aforementioned, we can re-construct the criminal act, so that we can determine the beginning of an act, the movement of the persons during the act, specific areas of the events and the succession of events. Of course, the investigators have to be well informed with the ways of examining and investigating the bloodstains. A good knowledge of biochemistry and physics is also important. Bloodstains can roughly be divided into three groups. The first group is the so-called passive traces, for which it is typical that the blood falls on the surface, because of the force of gravity – blood clots, pools, beads, droplet traces. In the second group of traces are blood traces that emerge when the blood hits the surface with extra force – cast-off traces, spatter, and spurts. The third group is the so-called transferable traces, for which it is known that the blood transfers to a different object through touch and thus forms blood patterns or traces of wipes. During the investigation of bloodstain patterns itself, it is important that the former remain unchanged or that they are kept until the arrival of the investigators. The process of investigation of the area must be clear; the investigation team must have a coordinated plan of how the investigation will proceed. Namely, the traces can be easily destroyed, which can affect the outcome of the criminal act in an important way. The contamination of the crime scene is prevented by wearing protective clothing and masks. When gathering material evidence it is also important to document – photographing, sketching, and writing reports. A big part of the thesis consists of describing different types of bloodstain patterns, describing procedures with which we can specify their origin or cause, and lastly describing the reconstruction of a criminal act through the investigation of bloodstain patterns.
Secondary keywords:	bloodstain investigation;documenting bloodstain patterns;bloodstain pattern analysis;crime scene reconstruction.;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VIII, 69 str.
ID:	12200971