Primerjava funkcionalnih potez dominantnih, podrejenih in prehodnih vrst v suhih traviščih na silikatih (Pohorje, SV Slovenija)

magistrsko delo

Zarja Platovšek (Author), Sonja Škornik (Mentor), Nataša Pipenbaher (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Vrstno bogata travišča s prevladujočim volkom (Nardus stricta) oz. volkovja predstavljajo Natura 2000 habitatni tip 6230*. V Sloveniji so volkovja prisotna na nezasenčenih rastiščih na silikatni geološki podlagi od nižin do alpinskega pasu. Med drugim uspevajo nad antropogeno znižano gozdno mejo na ovršnih predelih Pohorja (SV Slovenija), kjer smo opravljali našo raziskavo. V okviru magistrskega dela smo na izbranih traviščih v okolici turističnega centra Rogla izvajali popise travniške vegetacije v popisnih ploskvicah velikosti 25 in 50 m2. Del popisov smo vzeli tudi iz baze fitocenoloških popisov Katedre za geobotaniko (FNM UM). Skupno smo analizirali 83 rastlinskih vrst, ki so bile določene v 58 popisih. Popisane vrste smo z uporabo modela DST (angl. Dominants, Subordinates, Transients) najprej razvrstili glede na njihovo obilnost v eno izmed treh skupin, in sicer smo jih definirali kot dominantne (angl. Dominants, 3 vrste), podrejene (angl. Subordinates, 18 vrst) ali prehodne vrste (angl. Transients, 62 vrst). Nato smo primerjali odstotke vrst v vseh treh skupinah, določili in primerjali smo njihove morfološko-funkcionalne poteze (MFP), CSR strategijo po Grime-u, Ellenbergove indekse in prednostni habitat. Z analizo MFP smo ugotovili, da imajo vse dominantne vrste šopasto rast, medtem ko med podrejenimi in prehodnimi vrstami prevladujejo rastline z listnato ozelenelim steblom. Dominantne vrste so imele v primerjavi s podrejenimi in prehodnimi v povprečju višje vrednosti za specifično listno površino (SLA) in vsebnost suhe snovi v listih (LDMC) ter izraženo krajše obdobje cvetenja. V nasprotju s podrejenimi in prehodnimi vrstami, dominantne vrste v povprečju zacvetijo kasneje v vegetacijski sezoni (junij). V povprečju so tudi nekoliko višje rasti kot podrejene vrste, za razliko od podrejenih in prehodnih vrst, kjer prevladujejo kompetitorji in ruderalke, pa imajo bolj izraženo stres toleratorsko strategijo, s čimer smo tudi potrdili našo hipotezo. S primerjavo prednostnih habitatov smo ugotovili, da ima največ podrejenih in prehodnih vrst prednostni habitat suha travišča na kislih tleh. S tem smo ovrgli hipotezo, s katero smo predvidevali, da bosta med podrejenimi vrstami največja odstotka vrst, katerih prednostni habitati so mezotrofni in evtrofni travniki ter gozdni habitati. Na podlagi analize Ellenbergovih indeksov smo ugotovili, da imajo vse tri skupine vrst (dominantne, podrejene, prehodne) podobne vrednosti za izbrane okoljske spremenljivke. Prevladujejo vrste zmerno toplih pol sončnih do sončnih rastišč, ki uspevajo na svežih, kislih in s hranili slabo založenih tleh. Razlike med dominantnimi, podrejenimi in prehodnimi vrstami se pojavljajo predvsem v razponu Ellenbergovih indeksov, ki je največji pri prehodnih vrstah, kjer najdemo tudi vrste za raziskovalno območje netipičnih in ekstremnih habitatov. V okviru magistrskega dela smo ob vegetacijskih popisih travišč na isti lokaciji zbrali tudi popise navadne arnike (Arnica montana). Skupno smo v popisnih ploskvicah velikosti 0,25 m2 analizirali 50 popisov. Iz izsledkov raziskave sklepamo, da ponovna vzpostavitev pašništva ne vliva negativno na populacijo navadne arnike na preučevanih traviščih, saj smo v povprečju v posamezni popisni ploskvici zabeležili skoraj 16 osebkov. Ker analize lastnosti dominantnih, podrejenih in prehodnih rastlinskih vrst v vegetaciji pomagajo pri razumevanju vloge vrst v ekosistemu, je takšno znanje v času intenzivnega spreminjanja kmetijske rabe ključno za načrtovanje učinkovitih naravovarstvenih smernic za ohranjanje tega habitatnega tipa, ki ima zaradi svoje redkosti in ogroženosti visoko naravovarstveno vrednost.

Keywords

magistrska dela;suha travišča;dominantne;podrejene in prehodne vrste;morfološko funkcionalne poteze;Ellenbergovi indeksi;prednosti habitat;navadna arnika;Arnica montana;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher:	[Z. Platovšek]
UDC:	581.55:633.2.03(497.4-18)(043.2)
COBISS:	56722947
Views:	377
Downloads:	65
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Relationship in plant functional traits between dominant, subordinate and transient plant species in dry silicolous grasslands (Pohorje, NE Slovenia)
Secondary abstract:	Species-rich Nardus grasslands represent the Natura 2000 habitat type 6230*. In Slovenia, Nardus grasslands grows on sunny sites with siliceous bedrock, from lowlands to alpine areas. They also thrive above the artificially lowered tree line on the upper parts of the Pohorje Mountains (NE Slovenia), where our research was conducted. For the purpose of our master thesis, we made an inventory of plant species of selected grasslands near the Rogla Tourist Centre on plots with 25 m2 and 50 m2 in size. Part of the relevés were taken from the fitocenological database of the Chair of Botany of the University of Maribor (FNM UM). In total, we analysed 83 plant species, which were defined in 58 relevés. Using the DST model (dominants, subordinates, transients), the inventorised species were first classified according to their abundance in three groups, which were defined as dominants (3 species), subordinates (18 species) or transients (62 species). In the next phase, we compared the species proportions in all three groups; furthermore, we determined and compared their morphological functional traits (MFT), the CSR strategy of Grime, the Ellenberg indicator values and their priority habitats. Conducting the MFT analysis, we determined that all dominant species grow in tufts, while the prevailing growth form among subordinates and transients is "plants with leafy stems". Compared to subordinate and transient species, dominant species had higher values of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) as well as a shorter flowering period. In contrast to subordinate and transient species, dominant species on average flower later in the vegetation season (in June). Moreover, they grow averagely higher than subordinate species. Contrarily to subordinate and transient species, where competitive and ruderal plants prevail, the stress-tolerant strategy of dominant species is more pronounced, which confirmed our hypothesis. Comparing priority habitats, we determined that most of the subordinate and transient species grow on dry acid grounds. In doing so, we refuted our hypotheses, assuming that subordinate species include the most species whose priority habitats are mesotrophic and eutrophioc grasslands and forests. Based on the analysis of Ellenberg indicator values, we determined that all three types of species (dominants, subordinates, transients) portray similar values of the selected environmental variables. The prevailing species are those growing on moderately warm, semi-sunny to sunny sites, found on moist, acid and nutrient-poor soil. The differences between dominant, subordinate and transient species are perceived especially in the range of Ellenberg indicator values; the range is the largest in transient species, where can also be found species of atypical and extreme habitats. In addition to vegetation grassland inventory, we collected data of Arnica montana on the same location. In total, we analysed 50 sample plost with 0.25 m2 in size. According to the findings of the research, we can conclude that the reimplementation of extensive cattle grazing does not have a negative impact on the population of mountain arnica on the studied grasslands, since we identified almost 16 specimens on a separate plot. The analysis of features of dominant, subordinate and transient plant vegetation species helps us understand their role in the ecosystem. In the period of intensive modification of agricultural use, such knowledge is crucial for the development of effective nature preservation guidelines to preserve this habitat type, which has a high nature preservation value due to its rarity and endangerment.
Secondary keywords:	master theses;dry grasslands;dominant;subordinate and transient species;morphological functional traits;Ellenberg indicator values;priority habitat;Arnica montana;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages:	XVI, 76 str.
ID:	12233323