Procesi razsoljevanja vode

diplomsko delo

Žiga Podbevšek (Author), Bojan Šarac (Mentor)

Abstract

: Razsoljevanje je proces s katerim iz vode odstranimo soli in s tem dobimo čisto vodo, ki jo zlahka predelamo v pitno vodo. Glede na hitro rast števila prebivalstva in s tem rast potrebe po čisti pitni vodi, hkrati pa so tu še podnebne spremembe, ki negativno vplivajo na zaloge pitne vode, je torej proces razsoljevanja lahko v prihodnosti ključen za pridobivanje čiste pitne vode. V uvodnem delu diplomskega dela je na kratko opisana zgodovina in splošna uporaba razsoljevanja vode. Osrednji del je namenjen opisu oz. predstavitvi posameznih metod razsoljevanja. Procesi so ločeni na membranske, termične in solarne procese. Z napredkom tehnologije vedno bolj raste priljubljenost membranskih metod, ki so energetsko manj zahtevne in po kapaciteti že presegajo popularnost termičnih procesov. Najbolj razširjen proces razsoljevanja sodi med membranske procese - reverzna osmoza. Poleg reverzne osmoze sta opisana še dva membranska procesa, vsak z svojimi lastnosti in principom delovanja. Ta dva procesa sta elektrodializa in vakuumska membranska destilacija. Med termične procese, ki so v osnovi preprostejši in zato v preteklosti bolj razširjeni, sodi po kapaciteti drugi najbolj razširjen proces razsoljevanja - večfazna ravnotežna destilacija. Ta proces je že dolgo poznan in zato dodobra proučen. Poleg tega procesa je v tem delu opisan tudi manj razširjen proces kompresije hlapov. Ker so procesi razsoljevanja energetsko zahtevni (nekateri bolj, drugi manj) in ker si prizadevamo k čistejšemu, manj onesnaženemu okolju in zmanjšanju podnebnih sprememb je del diplomske naloge namenjen procesom, ki iz sončne energije pridobivajo toplotno in električno energijo za procese razsoljevanja – sončni bazen, sončni kolektorji in fotovoltaični sistemi.

Keywords

voda;razsoljevanje;reverzna osmoza;večfazna ravnotežna destilacija;solarna destilacija;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher:	[Ž. Podbevšek]
UDC:	628.165(043.2)
COBISS:	54436867
Views:	472
Downloads:	109
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Desalination processes of water
Secondary abstract:	Desalination is a proces where salt is removed from water in order to get pure water, which is then easily processed into drinking water. Regarding the rapid growth of human population on earth, the need of drinking water is also growing. Climate change also doesn't do as any favour, therefore desalination process could be the key to producing drinking water in the future. In the introduction there is a short review of some history facts and common usage of desalination in the world. In the main part few desalination processes are presented. In this work three kinds of processes are presented: membrane, thermal and solar processes. With advancing technology, membrane processes are more and more popular, since they are less energy demanding and are already getting more popular than thermal processes. Most widespread process is membrane process – reverse osmosis. Beside reverse osmosis two more processes are presented, each with its unique property and working principle. Those two processes are Electrodialysis and vacuum membrane distillation. Second most common process used in desalination industry are the thermal processes, which are technologically less demanding therefore more used in the past. This process is multistage flash distillation. Multistage flash distillation process has been known for a long time, therefore it is already well studied. In this part of diploma, beside multistage flash distillation process, vapor compression is presented even though it is not a very common process. We live in a world where climate changes and environmental pollution are a big problem, and because desalination processes also need a lot of energy (thermal and/or electrical) to operate (some more than others), part of my work is dedicated to solar energy and processes that convert solar energy to thermal or electrical energy for desalination process purposes. Solar pond is one of them, other are sun collectors and photovoltaic systems.
Secondary keywords:	desalination;reverse osmosis;multi stage flash distillation;solar desalination;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	1000374
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, VSŠ Kemijska tehnologija
Pages:	27 str.
ID:	12625088