diplomsko delo
Danijela Lovrić (Author), Mirjam Ravljen (Reviewer), Tadeja Pintar (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Zdravstvena nega pacientov s presajenimi organi pomeni zagotavljanje specialne zdravstvene nege, usmerjene v zaščito, promocijo in optimizacijo zdravja. Zdravljenje s presaditvijo (transplantacijo) organov je multidisciplinarno in zahteva implementacijo in izvajanje terciarnih znanj in veščin, ki zagotovijo optimalne rezultate zdravljenja: pomembno zmanjšajo skupno število zapletov, pospešijo okrevanje, povečajo varnost in zadovoljstvo pacienta pri njegovi obravnavi in zmanjšujejo stroške zdravljenja. Presaditev jeter je edina učinkovita metoda za zdravljenje akutne in kronične jetrne odpovedi. Namen dela: Prikaz vloge dela medicinske sestre s specialnimi znanji v multidisciplinarnem timu: vloga rabe in izvajanja standardov specialne zdravstvene nege, ki vključujejo etične in konceptualne podlage zdravstvene nege presaditev organov. Specialni standardi zajemajo rabo naprednih znanj z naslednjih področij: prehransko zdravljenje, podpora v zgodnjem in poznem obdobju po presaditvi, spodbujanje k ustrezni telesni vadbi, učenje zgodnje samostojnosti po presaditvi, učenje za samostojno nego, odkrivanje in preprečevanje poslabšanja vedenjskih motenj, psihosocialnih bolezni in dejavnikov okolja, ki bi lahko vplivali na poslabšanje stanja pacienta po presaditvi organa. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature slovenskih in tujih podatkovnih baz s področja transplantacije jeter, edukacije pacientov in vpliva pridobljenega znanja na kakovost življenja ter zapletov po presaditvi jeter. Pregledali in analizirali smo strokovno ter znanstveno literaturo v naslednjih bibliografskih bazah: PubMed, Google Učenjak (Scholar), COBISS in ResearchGate. Iskalna strategija je temeljila na rabi naslednjih izrazov: edukacija, presaditev jeter, medicinska sestra, pacient, rehabilitacija, telesna aktivnost, prehrana. Rezultati: Edukacija pacienta ne zajema izključno učenja, ki se nanaša na zdravstveno nego in oskrbo, temveč tudi napotke glede pravilnega prehranjevanja, redne telesne aktivnosti, vnovičnega vključevanja v družbo (družina, prijatelji, služba) in psihosocialna ter zaposlitvena prilagoditev na spremembe po presaditvi jeter. Pri tem je pomemben odnos medicinske sestre do pridobljenega znanja, saj lahko pacient, ki nima vseh potrebnih informacij, živi manj kakovostno življenje. Pri tem je pomembno učenje samodiscipline, ki je ključna pri okrevanju in zmanjšuje tveganje za zaplete. Vloga medicinske sestre v multidisciplinarnem timu je večnivojska. Poskrbeti mora za edukacijo pacienta po presaditvi jeter ter skrbeti za hitro in ustrezno komunikacijo med operaterjem in drugimi sodelavci v timu. Na tak način zagotovi takojšnje in ustrezno ukrepanje v primeru pojava zgodnjih in poznih zapletov po transplantaciji jeter, jih ustrezno zmanjšuje in preprečuje. Zaključek: V prihodnje bi bila smotrna proučitev razvoja aplikacije ali izobraževalnega portala (na primer spletne akademije), v katerih bi imeli zaposleni v zdravstveni negi priložnost svoje znanje kontinuirano nadgrajevati. S tem bi se vsekakor povečala kakovost edukacije in kakovost življenja pacientov po presaditvi jeter v Sloveniji.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;specialna znanja;multidisciplinarni timi;kakovost življenja;prehrana;zapleti zdravljenja;vnovični sprejem zaradi okužbe;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [D. Lovrić]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 58277635 Link will open in a new window
Views: 692
Downloads: 187
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂnurse's role in patient education after liver transplantation
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Caring for patients with organ transplants means providing special care aimed at protecting, promoting, and optimizing health. Organ transplant treatment is multidisciplinary and requires the implementation of tertiary knowledge and skills that ensure optimal treatment outcomes: significantly reduce overall complications, speed recovery, increase patient safety, increase patient satisfaction, and reduce treatment costs. Liver transplantation is the only effective method for treating acute and chronic liver failure. Purpose: Demonstration of the role of the work of a nurse with special knowledge in a multidisciplinary team: the role of the use and implementation of special care standards that include the ethical and conceptual basis of organ transplant care. Special standards cover the use of advanced knowledge in the areas of: nutritional treatment in the early and late post-transplant period, promotion of appropriate physical exercise, learning of early independence after transplantation, self-care learning, detection and prevention of aggravation of behavioural disorders, psychosocial diseases and environmental factors. could affect the deterioration of the patient’s condition after organ transplantation. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work with a review of the literature of Slovenian and foreign databases, in the field of liver transplantation, patient education and the impact of acquired knowledge on quality of life and complications after liver transplantation. We reviewed and analyzed the professional and scientific literature in the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, COBISS and ResearchGate. The search strategy was based on the use of the following terms: education, liver transplant, nurse, patient, rehabilitation, physical activity (PA), nutrition. Results: Patient education does not only require learning regarding care and nursing, but also guidance on proper nutrition (diet), regular physical activity, reintegration into society (family, friends, work) and psychosocial adaptation to changes after liver transplantation and working ability. The attitude of nurse towards acquired knowledge is important, as a patient, who does not have all the necessary information may have a poorer quality of life. It is important for patient to self-care, which is crucial in overall recovery and, above all, taking prescribed drug therapy according to medical plan. The role of the nurse in a multidisciplinary team is multi-level: educating the patient after a liver transplant and taking care of fast and appropriate communication between the operator and other team members. In this way, it provides immediate and appropriate action in the event of early complications after liver transplantation and reduces and prevents them accordingly. Conclusion: Development of an application or educational courses (e.g. online academy) where nurses may have an opportunity to continuously upgrade their knowledge could increase quality of education and patient’s quality of life after liver transplantation in Slovenia.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;special skills;multidisciplinary teams;quality of life;diet;treatment complications;readmission due to infection;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 55 str.
ID: 12728904