magistrsko delo
Urška Škrabar (Author), Jernej Jakše (Mentor), Sebastjan Radišek (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Navadni hmelj je dvodomna trajna rastlina in ga pridelujemo v nasadih imenovanih hmeljišča zaradi ženskih cvetov. Ti se v večini uporabljajo v pivovarstvu, kjer so hmeljne grenčice neobhodno potrebne, saj dajejo pivu okus. Slovenija se kot pridelovalka hmelja uvršča na četrto mesto v Evropi in peto v svetu. Pridelavo ogrožajo mnogi povzročitelji bolezni, med katerimi so zelo pomembni virusi. Vplivajo na količino pridelka in vsebnosti alfa kislin. Virus mozaika jablane (ApMV) je eden pomembnejših in se pojavlja po vsem svetu. Nima znanega prenašalca, pogosto se širi med obdelavo s sokom in s prepletanjem korenin. Znamenja okužbe se pojavijo na listih kot klorotični obroči. Okužba z virusom se v hmeljiščih širi preko okuženega soka. Virus mozaika hmelja (HpMV) se prav tako pojavlja po vsem svetu, pogosteje v latentni obliki, lahko pa so vidni klorotični mozaiki na listih. Glavna prenašalka virusa je hmeljeva uš. Za preprečevanje širjenja okužbe je nujen zdrav sadilni material. Za odkrivanje okužb z virusoma ApMV in HpMV najpogosteje uporabljamo serološko imunoencimsko metodo ELISA. Cilj magistrske naloge je bil prikazati obseg ponovnih okužb hmeljnih rastlin, po sajenju brezvirusnih sadik sorte 'Aurora', glede na starost nasada in prostorsko razporeditev okužbe, ter mešane okužbe z obema virusoma. Ugotovili smo, da je bila stopnja okužbe z virusoma različna. Več je bilo okuženih rastlin z virusom HpMV, okužba je bila bolj razpršena, posledično pa je bilo okuženih tudi več vrst. Prostorska razporeditev okužbe je bila med virusoma različna. Vpliv na to imajo prenašalci. Okužba s HpMV se je pojavljala v otokih, z ApMV pa v vrstah. Odkrili smo eno rastlino, ki je bila okužena z obema virusoma. Vidna so bila tudi nova žarišča okužb z virusoma.

Keywords

hmelj;Humulus lupulus;virus mozaika jablane;virus mozaika hmelja;ELISA;Aurora;Slovenija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [U. Škrabar]
UDC: 633.791:632.38:57.083.3(043.2)
COBISS: 61276419 Link will open in a new window
Views: 451
Downloads: 85
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Reinfections of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) with two economically important viruses
Secondary abstract: Hops are a dioecious plant, grown in plantations called hop fields. Female plants are mostly used in brewing, hop bitters are indispensable as they give the beer a taste. As a hop producer, Slovenia ranks fourth in Europe and fifth in the world. Cultivation is threatened by many pathogens, among which viruses are very important. They affect the amount of yield and the content of alpha acids. Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) is one of the most important and occurs worldwide. Signs of infection appear on the leaves as chlorotic ringspots. ApMV has no known vector and spread is most likely trough mechanical transmission or root grafting. Hop mosaic virus (HpMV) also occurs worldwide, more commonly in latent form, but chlorotic mosaics on leaves may be visible on sensitive cultivars. The main vector of the virus is the damson-hop aphid. Healthy plant material is essential to prevent the spread of infection. The serological immunoenzyme ELISA method is most commonly used to detect ApMV and HpMV infections. The aim of the master's thesis was to show the extent of re-infections of hop plants, after planting with virus-free seedlings of the ‘Aurora’ variety, according to the age of the hop yard and the spatial distribution of the infection, and mixed infections with both viruses. We found out that the level of infection with the viruses is different. There are more infected plants with the HpMV virus, the infection is more dispersed and consequently more plants are infected. The spatial distribution of infection between viruses is different. This is influenced by transfer vectors. HpMV infection occurs in islands and with ApMV in lines. We found one plant that was infected with both viruses. New infections are also visible.
Secondary keywords: hop;apple mosaic virus;hop mosaic virus;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages: IX, 36 f., [1] f. pril.
ID: 12819595