magistrsko delo
Anja Cvetko (Author), Samo Fošnarič (Mentor)

Abstract

Že kot otroci v šolah spoznavamo naravo in se od nje učimo, jo raziskujemo in se trudimo, da jo ohranimo. V šolah otroci razrednega pouka in kasneje pri študiju odkrivamo vse razsežnosti narave, pri čemer vključimo vseh svojih pet čutov. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na Spoznavanje okolja s poudarkom na uporabi naravnih materialov za razvoj ročnih spretnosti pri otrocih. Eden teh naravnih materialov je glina, ki je uporabna kot material za oblikovanje različnih izdelkov, ki so namenjeni vsakdanjemu življenju ali zabavi ali pa učenju, pri tem so potrebne le domišljija, inovativnost in zagnanost, da bo glina pokazala vse svoje prednosti, koristnosti in razsežnosti uporabe. Poudarek je na spoznavanju gline v zgodnjem otroštvu, torej v času, ki je povezan z začetki osnovnošolskega pouka. Predstavljene so neverjetne možnosti uporabe gline, predvsem pri otrocih prvega triletja devetletke. Oblikovanje z glino omogoča praktično dejavnost in bogati praktične izkušnje, hkrati pa razvija domišljijo in razvoj finomotorične koordinacije rok in prstov, s tem ponuja široko paleto znanj. Učitelj učencem odkriva skrivnosti gline kot naravnega materiala, jih spodbuja k skupinskemu delu in krepi njihov izkustveni svet. V magistrskem delu smo predstavili številne osnovne šole, v katerih je del učnega procesa v zgodnjih letih spoznavanje gline kot sredstva za razvoj ročnih spretnosti in predlagali zamisli o uporabi gline med poukom spoznavanja okolja, kar je zelo pomembno za učni razvoj učencev. Pripravili smo anketni vprašalnik, s katerim smo preverili trenutno stanje pri razvoju ročnih spretnosti pri pouku spoznavanja okolja v številnih šolah v Podravju oz. v Prlekiji kot regiji večjega dela Štajerske. Empirična raziskava je pokazala, da je glina v šolah pri učnem procesu pogosto uporabljen naravni material, saj jo uporabljajo vsi učitelji za namen razvoja ročnih spretnosti učencev, pri tem pa so pomembne učiteljeve delovne sposobnosti. Spol učiteljev in delovna doba poučevanja ne vplivata na izbiro učnih oblik kot večinoma tudi ne na izbiro in uporabo različnih obdelovalnih orodij za obdelavo gline. Prav tako spol učiteljev, delovne izkušnje in razred poučevanja ne vplivajo na izbiro izdelkov iz gline, kar so npr. izdelki za igranje, izdelki za okras in izdelki za uporabo. Eden izmed problemov je na nekaterih šolah le pomanjkanje materiala in orodij za obdelovanje gline. Pokazalo se je tudi, da učitelji na splošno menijo, da učenci prvega triletja osnovnih šol nimajo dovolj razvitih ročnih spretnosti, verjamejo pa, da si lahko učenci pri pouku spoznavanja okolja ročne spretnosti pridobijo. Na osnovi ugotovitev pri empiričnem delu smo navedli več praktičnih izboljšav ročnih spretnosti, te so: učenci se naj dlje ukvarjajo z oblikovanjem gline, npr. s sodelovanjem na tehniških dnevih, pri vpeljavi neobveznega izbirnega predmeta, na posebnih krožkih in delavnicah, pri raznih šolskih projektih in tekmovanjih, na šolskih vrtovih, lahko tudi v medijih (na televiziji), končno tudi pri različnih obšolskih aktivnostih.

Keywords

magistrska dela;ročne spretnosti;motorični razvoj;predmet spoznavanje okolja;izdelki iz gline;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [A. Cvetko]
UDC: 37.091.33-027.22:502/504:691.4(043.2)
COBISS: 71632899 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Developing manual dexternity within environmental studies classes with emphasis on clay as a natural material
Secondary abstract: Since our school times, we have learned about nature by exploring it and doing our best to preserve it. Being in schools, as children, and later on, during our studies, we discover all the dimensions of nature within our classroom lessons by using all our five senses. The focus is on learning about the environment, emphasising the usage of natural materials to develop children's manual skills. One of such materials is clay. We can use it as a material to create numerous products for everyday life, for fun, or when learning. All we need is imagination, innovation and enthusiasm to make clay show all its benefits, usefulness and versatility. The focus is on learning about clay in early childhood, a time linked to the beginnings of primary school. It presents incredible possibilities of using clay, especially with children in the first triad of primary school. Clay moulding provides a hands-on activity, enriching practical experience, while developing imagination and fine-motor coordination of the hands and fingers, thus offering a wide range of skills. The teacher discovers the secrets of clay as a natural material, encourages students to work in groups, and strengthens their experiential world. This Master thesis research introduces several primary schools where clay is part of the learning process for developing manual skills in the early years. We have suggested some concepts for using clay in environmental education lessons, which is very important for obtaining learning skills in pupils. We have prepared a questionnaire to check the current situation in developing manual skills in environmental education in several schools in the Podravje and Prlekija region, respectively, being part of the Styria region. Empirical research has shown that clay is a commonly used natural material in the learning process in schools. Teachers use it to develop student's manual skills, whereby the teacher's working skills are crucial. Teacher's gender and years of teaching experience do not influence the choice of teaching formats, nor, for the most part, the selection and use of different clay working tools. Similarly, the gender of the teachers, their work experience, and the class of teaching do not influence the choice of clay products, e.g., play, decoration, and use. One of the problems in some schools is the lack of materials and tools for working with clay. It also showed that teachers generally feel that pupils in the first three years of primary school do not have sufficiently developed manual skills. They believe that pupils can acquire manual skills in environmental studies. Based on the results of the empirical work, we have identified some practical improvements in developing manual skills: pupils should be involved in clay moulding for a lengthy period, like participating in tech days, in the introduction of an optional elective subject, in different school clubs and workshops, in various school projects and competitions, in school gardens, possibly also in the media (on TV), and finally in various extracurricular activities.
Secondary keywords: theses;hand skills;development of motor skills;environmental studiess classes;products from clay;Motorične sposobnosti;Osnovnošolsko izobraževanje;Otroci in okolje;Glina;Slovenija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pedagoška fak., Oddelek za razredni pouk
Pages: XV f., 177 str.
ID: 12888393