magistrsko delo
Karmen Kukovičič (Author), Simon Schnabl (Mentor), Klementina Zupan (Thesis defence commission member), Domen Kušar (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

Prevoz nevarnih snovi po cestah se iz leta v leto povečuje, kar pomeni, da se povečuje tudi verjetnost za nastanek nesreče. Manjše nesreče z razlitji nevarnih snovi se pogosto dogajajo. Redkeje pride do večjih nesreč, ob katerih se razlije večja količina nevarnih snovi, do požara ali eksplozije in so večje ter bolj obširne posledice. V magistrskem delu sem s pomočjo računalniškega programa ALOHA modelirala nesrečo, pri kateri je udeležena cisterna, ki prevaža naftne derivate. Predpostavila sem, da je prišlo do nesreče na parkirišču mejnega prehoda Obrežje, kjer se v povprečju letno zgodita dve nesreči z iztekanjem nevarnih snovi. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela sem raziskala zakonodajo s področja prevoza nevarnih snovi, definirala, kaj so nevarne snovi in kako se jih razvršča, ter pregledala literaturo o uporabi in delovanju programa ALOHA. V eksperimentalnem delu sem preučila fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti bencina in dizelskega goriva ter modelirala gorečo lužo za obe vrsti goriv. Zanimalo me je tudi, kako vplivajo vremenski pogoji na velikost ogroženega območja. Program ALOHA kot rezultat modeliranja poda ogrožena območja, ki predstavljajo nevarnost za človeško populacijo. Glede na primerjavo rezultatov med bencinom in dizelskim gorivom sem prišla do ugotovitve, da bi bila večja nevarnost toplotnega sevanja pri bencinu pozimi. Takšen rezultat lahko pripišemo večji hitrosti vetra v zimskem letnem času, saj veter nagiba plamene v smeri vetra. V nadaljevanju sem preverila, kako bi različen premer odprtine, skozi katero izteka gorivo, vplival na rezultate. Modelirala sem toplotno sevanje ob razlitju bencina iz cisterne, ki tvori gorečo lužo, ter kako bi se gibal toksičen oblak hlapov, če bi prišlo samo do razlitja in izhlapevanja goriva. Večja kot je odprtina, skozi katero izteka gorivo, večje je toplotno sevanje in s tem tudi ogroženo območje. V zadnjem delu magistrskega dela sem modelirala še eksplozijo tipa BLEVE.

Keywords

prevoz nevarnega blaga;naftni derivati;modeliranje požara;toplotno sevanje;modeliranje nesreče;program ALOHA;mejni prehod Obrežje;magistrska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [K. Kukovičič]
UDC: 614.8:656(043.2)
COBISS: 66422019 Link will open in a new window
Views: 268
Downloads: 55
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Analysis of a potential emergency in the parking lot at the Obrežje border crossing
Secondary abstract: The transportation of dangerous substances by road increases from year to year, which means that the probability of an accident is also increased. Smaller accidents with various dangerous substances often happen. More rarely, major accidents occur where a larger amount of hazardous material spreads, fires or explosions occur, resulting in more widespread consequences. In this master's thesis, I modeled an accident involving a tanker dominated by petroleum products using the computer program ALOHA. I have assumed an accident in the parking lot of the border food Obrežje, where on average two accidents occur per year with the course of dangerous substances. In the theoretical part of the master's thesis, I researched the legislation in the field of transportation of dangerous substances, defined what such a dangerous substance and how to distinguish them, and reviewed the literature on the use and operation of the program ALOHA. In the experimental part, I investigated the physical and chemical properties of gasoline and diesel fuel and modelled the fuel for both types of fuels. I was also interested in how they affect the weather conditions in most of the area at risk. The program ALOHA as a result of modelling the given areas that poses a threat to human population. Based on a comparison of the results between gasoline and diesel, I concluded that gasoline has a higher risk of heat radiation in winter. Such a result can be attributed to several fast speeds in the winter season due to the wind tipping the flames in the wind direction. Next, I checked how the different diameter of the orifice through which the fuel flows affects the results. I modelled the heat radiation when a gasoline leaks from a tank forming a burning puddle, and how a toxic vapour cloud would move when only fuel leaks and vaporizes. More than an opening from leaking fuel, heating is also a vulnerable area in this background. I also modelled a BLEVE type explosion in the last part of my thesis.
Secondary keywords: petroleum products;fire modeling;thermal radiation;ALOHA software;border crossing Obrežje;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000378
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, smer Tehniška varnost
Pages: 77 str.
ID: 12972433