Preprečevanje in zgodnje odkrivanje raka dojk pri ženskah

diplomsko delo

Ana Beg (Author), Darja Thaler (Reviewer), Albina Bobnar (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Rak dojk je najpogostejša vrsta malignega tumorja in eden glavnih vzrokov prezgodnje smrti žensk. Pojavnost v večini držav narašča in naj bi se v prihodnjih 20 letih še povečala, kljub trenutnim prizadevanjem za preprečevanje bolezni. Le 5 do 10 % primerov raka dojk je povzročenih z genetskimi motnjami, medtem ko so preostali primeri povezani z okoljskimi dejavniki in življenjskim slogom. Poznamo več dejavnikov tveganja, ki vplivajo na nastanek raka dojk. Uvrščamo jih med tiste, ki jih lahko nadzorujemo, med tiste, ki jih ni mogoče nadzorovati, in bolezni, ki pripomorejo k nastanku raka dojk. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na osnovi pregleda literature predstaviti preventivne ukrepe, s katerimi je mogoče zmanjšati obolevanje žensk za rakom dojk, oziroma ga odkriti v zgodnjem obdobju, ko je zdravljenje učinkovito. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Iskanje literature je potekalo v novembru in decembru 2020. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Schoolar in DiKul. Rezultati: Zmanjševanje dejavnikov tveganja in presejanje sta glavna ukrepa za preprečevanje pojava raka dojk. Rezultati kažejo, da je zato učinkovito zdravstvenovzgojno delo žensk s seznanitvijo o dejavnikih tveganja, med katere spadajo življenjski slog, prehranjevalne navade, kajenje, uživanje alkohola ter možnostih presejanja, kot so samopregledovanje, klinični pregled dojk in mamografija. Razprava in zaključek: Presejalni testi in preventivni ukrepi imajo na področju odkrivanja raka dojk velik pomen. Ker je rak dojk najpogostejša vrsta malignega tumorja pri ženskah, je pomembno, da s preventivnimi ukrepi preprečimo pojavnost le-tega, oziroma ga s presejalnimi testi odkrijemo v zgodnji fazi, ko je zdravljenje manj agresivno.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;rak dojk;dejavniki tveganja;preventiva;presejanje;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[A. Beg]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	65753859
Views:	429
Downloads:	172
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Prevention and early detection of breast cancer in women
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of premature death in women. The incidence is rising in most countries and is projected to increase further over the next 20 years, despite ongoing efforts to prevent the disease. Only 5 to 10% of breast cancer cases are caused by genetic disorders, while the remaining cases are related to environmental factors and lifestyle. We know several risk factors that influence the development of breast cancer. We classify them as those that can be controlled, among those that cannot be controlled, and diseases that contribute to the development of breast cancer. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is based on a review of the literature, to present preventive measures that can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women, or to detect it in the early period when treatment is effective. Methods: A descriptive method of work with a review of professional and scientific literature in English and Slovenian was used. The literature search took place in November and December 2020. The literature was searched using the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Schoolar and DiKul. Results: Reducing risk factors and screening are the main measures to prevent breast cancer. The results show that health education work is needed to educate women about risk factors, including lifestyle, eating habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and screening options such as self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. Discussion and conclusion: Screening tests and preventive measures have a major role in the field of breast cancer detection. Since breast cancer is the most common type of malignant tumor in women, it is important to take preventive measures to prevent its occurrence, or to detect it with screening tests at an early stage, when treatment is less aggressive.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;breast cancer;risk factors;preventative;screening;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	23 str.
ID:	12977406