diplomsko delo
Darja Pestotnik (Author), Miroljub Jakovljević (Reviewer), Darja Rugelj (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Po navedbah Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) so padci tretji najpogostejši vzrok za nastanek kronične manj zmožnosti in približno 30 % v skupnosti bivajočih oseb, starih 65 let ali več, izkusi enega ali več padcev letno. Obstaja vedno več dokazov, da se da s telesno vadbo na varen in učinkovit način zmanjšati število padcev, vendar je zaradi pomanjkanja primerljivih podatkov o učinkovitosti različnih vadb težko določiti najboljšo obliko telesne vadbe za starejše posameznike z visokim tveganjem za padce z namenom izboljšanja ravnotežja in zmanjšanja incidence padcev. Znanih je več vadbenih programov, s katerimi lahko starejšim osebam pomagamo ohranjati njihovo zdravje in samostojnost. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil preveriti učinkovitost petih različnih uveljavljenih vadbenih programov (Pomembnost ravnotežja, Otago, Ostani aktiven in samostojen za življenje, Stopimo naprej in Taj Či Čuan: gibanje za boljše ravnotežje) na zmanjšanje tveganja za padce pri starejših odraslih. Metode dela: Opravljen je bil sistematični pregled literature. Znanstveno literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PEDro ter PubMed. Dodatno smo uporabili tudi znanstvene raziskovalne članke, navedene na spletnih straneh vadbenih programov. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo vključili sedem randomiziranih nadzorovanih raziskav, kjer so ugotavljali vpliv vadbenih programov na zmanjšanje tveganja za padce in na strah pred padci pri starejših odraslih. Pri treh izmed programov so ugotovili klinično pomembno zmanjšanje tveganja za padce. Razprava in zaključek: Iz pregleda literature smo ugotovili, da so vadbeni programi Ostani aktiven in samostojen za življenje, Stopimo naprej ter Taj Či Čuan: gibanje za boljše ravnotežje primerni za zmanjšanje tveganja za padce. Vadbeni program Otago ni vplival na zmanjšanje tveganja za padce, pri programu Pomembnost ravnotežja pa so merili učinek na zmanjšanje tveganja za strah pred padci, tako da zaključkov o učinku na samo pojavnost padcev ne moremo podati. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi morali zajeti populacijo, ki bi zajemala širše geografsko področje in starejše odrasle slabšega zdravja, saj so ti za padce bolj ogroženi kot zdravi starejši odrasli.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;vadbeni programi za preprečevanje padcev;starejši odrasli;padci;ravnotežje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [D. Pestotnik]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 66534147 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Effectiveness of established training programs in decreasing fall risk in older adults
Secondary abstract: Introduction: According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), falls are the third most common cause of chronic decline and around 30% of people aged 65 and over experience one or more falls per year. There is growing evidence that exercise can reduce the number of falls in a safe and effective way, but the lack of comparable data on the effectiveness of different exercises makes it difficult to determine the best form of exercise for older individuals at high risk of falling in order to improve balance and reduce the incidence of falls. Several training programs are known to help older people maintain their health and autonomy. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to examine the effectiveness of five different established exercise programs (A Matter of Balance, Otago, Stay Active and Independent for Life, Stepping On and Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance) to reduce the risk of falls in older adults. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out. The scientific literature was searched in PEDro and PubMed databases. In addition, we used research articles listed on the training programs' websites. Results: A review of the literature included seven randomised controlled studies to determine the impact of exercise programmes on reducing the risk of falling and on the fear of falling in older adults. Three of the programmes identified a clinically significant reduction in the risk of falling. Discussion and conclusion: The review of the literature showed that Stay Active and Independent for Life, Stepping On and Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance training programs are suitable for reducing the risk of falling. The Otago exercise program, however, did not reduce the risk of falling, and in the A Matter of Balance programme it was the effect on reducing the fear of falling that was measured, so we can’t draw any conclusions about the effect on the risk of falling. Future research should cover a population that covers a wider geographical area and older adults of poor health, as these are more at risk for falls than healthy older adults.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;exercise programs for fall prevention;older adults;falls;balance;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 40 str., [7] str. pril.
ID: 12989897