Priče v kazenskem postopku

magistrsko delo

Gal Safran (Author), Miha Šepec (Mentor)

Abstract

Zasliševanje prič je v kazenskih postopkih najpogosteje uporabljeno dokazno sredstvo, s katerim se pridobi izpoved osebe, ki ni obdolženec, znano pa ji je kaj o dejstvih, ki se ugotavljajo v kazenskem postopku. Osebe, ki so sposobne pred sodiščem podati razumno izjavo, oziroma za to ne obstaja nobenih pravnih ali dejanskih ovir in so posledično sposobne biti priča v kazenskem postopku, delimo na več vrst, na delitev pa lahko vpliva njihova starost, neposredna ali posredna zaznava dejstev, morebitni varnostni ukrepi, ki jih ščitijo in drugi dejavniki. Status priče posamezniku prinaša vrsto pravic, ki jih lahko v postopku uveljavlja in ki olajšujejo njegov položaj, med katerimi velja izpostaviti pravico odklonitve odgovora na posamezna vprašanja, odgovor na katera bi za pričo ali njene bližnje sorodnike lahko povzročil hudo sramoto, znatno materialno škodo ali pa jih spravil v kazenski pregon ter dolžnosti, ki jih mora dosledno spoštovati, da se izogne predpisanim sankcijam, med katerimi pa sta najpomembnejši dolžnost odzvati se vabilu in pričati po resnici. Priča se mora vabilu na zaslišanje odzvati v vsakem primeru, četudi ne bi smela biti zaslišana kot priča ali pa ima pravico odreči pričevanje, ob pričetku zaslišanja pa ji sodišče da ustrezen pravni pouk in jo identificira. Samo zaslišanje nato poteka v dveh delih, prostem pripovedovanju, kjer se od priče zahteva, da pove vse, kar ve o zadevi, in postavljanju vprašanj, s katerimi se izpoved dopolni, preizkusi in razjasni. V kazenskem postopku se lahko uporabi tudi izpovedbo priče, ki jo je le-ta dala v tujini na podlagi zaprosila sodišča, prav tako pa je mogoče zaslišanje priče opraviti preko videokonference z uporabo tehničnih sredstev za prenos slike in glasu, na takšen način pa se lahko opravijo tudi celotni predobravnavni naroki in glavne obravnave. Izpovedbe prič so lahko precej nezanesljivi dokazi, saj so odvisne od številnih objektivnih in subjektivnih okoliščin, sodišče pa dokazno vrednost pričevanja prosto presoja skozi prizmo sposobnosti priče zaznavanja dejstev, predelave zaznanega, pomnjenja zaznanih dejstev in sposobnosti reprodukcije zaznav ter številnih dejavnikov, povezanih z njimi. Kljub temu pa je izpovedba priče pogosto zelo pomembno ali celo edino dokazno sredstvo, predvsem v primerih, ko ni materialnih dokazov, ali pa so pomanjkljivi.

Keywords

priče;dolžnosti prič;pravice prič;sposobnost biti priča;privilegirane priče;zaslišanje priče;ukrepi varovanja prič;dokazna vrednost pričevanja;pravica do neposrednega zaslišanja obremenilne priče;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[G. Safran]
UDC:	343.22(043.3)
COBISS:	68288515
Views:	478
Downloads:	135
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Witnesses in criminal proceedings
Secondary abstract:	The examination of witnesses is the most commonly used means of proof in criminal proceedings, which is used to obtain the confession of a person who is not a defendant, but who knows something about the facts established in criminal proceedings. People who are able to make a reasonable statement in front of the court or for whom there are no legal or factual obstacles to do so and are consequently able to witness in criminal proceedings are divided into several types. The division may be influenced by their age, direct or indirect perception of facts, potential security measures to protect them and other factors. The witness status brings an individual a number of rights that can be exercised in the proceedings and which facilitate his position. Among them, the right to refuse to answer individual questions should be emphasized. A witness may refuse to answer individual questions if the answer would likely disgrace, inflict considerable material damage or make liable to criminal prosecution the witness itself or his/hers closest relatives. Witnesess must also strictly observe their duties in order to avoid the sanctions, the most important of which are the duty to comply with a summons and to speak the truth. The witness must comply with a summons in any case, even if they should not be examined as a witness or have the right to refuse to testify. At the beginning of the hearing the court shall give the witness appropriate legal instruction and identify them. The examination takes place in two parts, the first one being free narration, where the witness is asked to tell everything they know about the case, and the second one being questions to supplement, test and clarify the statements. The testimony of a witness given abroad at the request of a court may be used in criminal proceedings and the examination of a witness may also be carried out by videoconference using technical means for the transmission of image and voice. In addition, such means can also be used to hold full pre-trial hearings and main hearings. Witness testimonies can be rather unreliable evidence as they depend on many objective and subjective circumstances. The court freely evaluates the probative value of a testimony through the prism of the witness's ability to perceive facts, process what is perceived, remember perceived facts and reproduce perceptions. Nevertheless, the testimony of a witness is often a very important or even the only means of proof, especially in cases where there is no material evidence or the material evidence is deficient.
Secondary keywords:	witnesses;witness duties;witness rights;capacity to be a witness;privileged witnesses;examination of witnesses;witness protection measures;probative value of testimony;right to examine witnesses directly;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Pages:	64 f.
ID:	13030220