Okoljski dejavniki razvoja sladkorne bolezni tipa 1

diplomsko delo

Katarina Valentinčič (Author), Klemen Dovč (Mentor), Polona Jamnik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V zadnjih petdesetih letih je zelo narasla incidenca sladkorne bolezni tipa 1 (SBT1), ki je zdaj druga najbolj pogosta avtoimunska bolezen pri otrocih. Raziskave so pokazale, da so pri razvoju sladkorne bolezni lahko pomembni tako genetski kot okoljski dejavniki ter zaradi sodobnega sloga življenja spremenjena prehrana. Ta lahko vpliva na epigenetsko regulacijo genoma in tudi na sestavo prebavne mikrobiote, ki lahko imata vlogo v patogenezi razvoja sladkorne bolezni tipa 1. Eden izmed možnih mehanizmov je medsebojno vplivanje živčnega in imunskega sistema ter mikrobiote prek mikrobnih metabolitov, ki tudi spodbudijo izražanje IL-22, enega ključnih citokinov za ohranjanje prebavne homeostaze in preživetje beta celic v trebušni slinavki. Pri mikrobnih metabolitih je kritično predvsem pomanjkanje kratkoverižnih maščobnih kislin, ki je posledica disbioze in sprememb v prehrani v prvih mesecih življenja. Obstaja vedno več dokazov, da poleg genetskih dejavnikov tudi okoljski igrajo pomembno vlogo pri sprožitvi avtoimunostnega procesa proti Langerhansovim otočkom. Novo znanje o okoljskih in metabolnih biooznačevalcih lahko po eni strani uporabimo za napovedovanje pojava in napredovanja sladkorne bolezni tipa 1, po drugi strani pa za razvoj novih terapij, ki so osredotočene na spreminjanje razmerja različnih rodov bakterij v prebavilih in ponovno vzpostavitev epigenetskih modifikacij, ki so značilne za zdrave ljudi.

Keywords

avtoimunost;črevesna mikrobiota;epigenetika;imunski sistem;prehrana;preventiva;probiotiki;prebiotiki;sladkorna bolezen tipa 1;živčni sistem;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL MF - Faculty of Medicine
Publisher:	[K. Valentinčič]
UDC:	606:616.379-008.64:577.27(043.2)
COBISS:	70014467
Views:	488
Downloads:	98
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes
Secondary abstract:	The incidence of type 1 diabetes has much increased in the last fifty years, making it the second most common autoimmune disease among children. Different studies have shown that besides genetic factors environment and changed diet due to modern lifestyle also play an important role in the development of the disease. Diet can potentially influence the epigenetic regulations of the genome and the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which can affect the pathogenesis of diabetes. One of the possible mechanisms could be the crosstalk among the immune and nervous system and microbiota, mediated by microbial metabolites which also promote the expression of IL-22, one of the key cytokines for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and ensuring survival of beta cells in the pancreas. Lack of short-chain fatty acids due to dysbiosis and changes in the diet during the first months of a child’s life is crucial regarding microbial metabolites. There is an increasing amount of evidence that suggests that in addition to genetic predisposition environmental factors also help trigger autoimmunity against beta cells. New knowledge on environmental and metabolic markers can be used for predicting the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes as well as for developing new therapies that alter the ratio of the different genus of bacteria in the intestines and can reverse the epigenetic changes.
Secondary keywords:	autoimmunity;diet;epigenetics;immune system;intensial microbiota;nervous system;prebiotics;probiotics;type 1 diabetes;prevention;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages:	VIII, 22 str.
ID:	13126624