doktorska disertacija
Jana Obšteter (Author), Gregor Gorjanc (Mentor), Janez Jenko (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Genomska selekcija je v reji goveda podvojila genetski napredek. Navkljub temu njena uvedba še vedno predstavlja izziv majhnim populacijam zaradi pomanjkanja finančnih sredstev in trajnostne strategije. V raziskavi smo s simulacijami v štirih korakih preučili, kako v majhnih populacijah goveda uvesti genomsko selekcijo za učinkovito doseganje kratko- in dolgoročnega genetskega napredka v lokalnem okolju. Prvič, pokazali smo, da lahko majhne populacije kratkoročni genetski napredek povečajo z uvedbo genomske selekcije plemenjakov, s skrajšanjem časa uporabe in povečanjem intenzivnost selekcije plemenjakov. Drugič, hibridna uporaba progeno in genomsko testiranih plemenjakov ali krajši čas uporabe plemenjakov povečajo dolgoročni genetski napredek, merjen kot učinkovitost pretvorbe genetske variabilnosti v genetski napredek, ter tako izboljšajo trajnost selekcije. Dodatno lahko dolgoročni genetski napredek izboljšamo z optimizacijo izbire in uporabe plemenjakov. Tretjič, pokazali smo, da lahko vsak rejski program z optimizacijo investicije v zbiranje fenotipskih in genotipskih podatkov uvede genomsko selekcijo brez dodatnih stroškov. Že majhna prerazporeditev finančnih sredstev iz mlečne kontrole v genotipizacijo poveča genetski napredek ne glede na relativno ceno fenotipskih podatkov in dostopnost začetne referenčne populacije. Četrtič, pokazali smo, da lahko majhne populacije z uvozom genetskega materiala povečajo genetski napredek, vendar pa mora ta biti ovrednoten v luči zmanjšanega prispevka in pomena domače selekcije za domač genetski napredek. Rezultati naše raziskave nakazujejo potencial genomske selekcije v rejskih programih za majhne populacije mlečnega goveda.

Keywords

govedo;kvantitativna genetika;genomika;genomska selekcija;rejski programi;doktorske disertacije;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [J. Obšteter]
UDC: 636.2:575(043.3)
COBISS: 71270147 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 116
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Efficient use of genomic information in breeding programs for small cattle populations
Secondary abstract: Genomic selection has doubled the genetic gain in dairy breeding. Small populations still struggle with its implementation mainly due to the lack of financial resources and a sustainable strategy. In our study, we explored via simulations in four steps how to implement genomic selection in small populations to ensure short‑term and long-term genetic gain in the local environment. First, we showed that small populations can increase short-term genetic gain by implementing genomic selection of sires, performing a faster turn-over of sires, and increasing the intensity of sire selection. Second, we showed that we can increase long-term genetic gain, measured as the efficiency of converting genetic variability into genetic gain, via the hybrid use of progeny and genomically tested sires, and faster turn-over of sires. This improves the sustainability of the breeding programs. Third, we showed that every breeding program can implement genomic selection via optimization of investment in phenotyping and genotyping. We showed that even a small reallocation of funds from milk recording to genotyping increases genetic gain regardless of the relative price of phenotyping and availability of an initial training population. Forth, we showed that small populations can increase their genetic gain by importing genetic material. However, the increase should be weighted against the decreased contribution and value of domestic selection. Our results reveal the potencial of genomic selection for breeding programs in small dairy cattle populations.
Secondary keywords: cattle;quantitative genetics;genomics;genomic selection;breeding programs;
Type (COBISS): Doctoral dissertation
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak.
Pages: XI f., 144, [7] str.
ID: 13140567