Študija encimske aktivnosti v borovnicah

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Helena Kovač (Author), Maja Leitgeb (Mentor), Mateja Primožič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Diplomsko delo prikazuje študijo encimske aktivnosti v ameriških borovnicah. Za študijo encimske aktivnosti smo izbrali ameriške borovnice, saj povpraševanje po le-teh v zadnjih letih znatno narašča. Predvidevamo, da ravno zaradi njihovih številnih pozitivnih učinkov na zdravje ljudi. V različnih vzorcih, pridobljenih iz ameriških borovnic, smo določili aktivnost desetim izbranim encimom, za katere smo sklepali, da se nahajajo v ameriških borovnicah. Poleg določevanja encimske aktivnosti smo vzorcem določili še koncentracijo proteinov z Bradfordovo metodo. Izvedli smo študijo encimske aktivnosti v ekstraktih tropin in borovničevem soku. Iz ameriških borovnic smo si najprej pipravili naslednje vzorce: • etanolni ekstrakt svežih tropin, • etanolni ekstrakt dehidriranih tropin, • sveži borovničev sok in • dehidrirani borovničev sok. Zgoraj naštetim vzorcem smo nato encimsko aktivnost določevali s pomočjo UV VIS spektrofotometra. V vzorcih smo določevali aktivnosti naslednjih encimov: -amilaze, glukoamilaze, celulaze, lipaze, lakaze, katalaze, peroksidaze, proteaze, transglutaminaze in superoksid dismutaze. Iz dobljenih rezultatov je razvidno, da najvišjo aktivnost v ameriških borovnicah izkazuje encim lipaza, vendar samo v svežem borovničevem soku in etanolnem ekstraktu dehidriranih tropin, v ostalih dveh vzorcih aktivnost lipaze ni bilo zaznati. Visoko encimsko aktivnost izkazuje tudi encim glukoamilaza v etanolnem ekstraktu svežih tropin. Prisotnost glukoamilaze smo potrdili v vseh vzorcih, prav tako tudi prisotnost encimov celulaze, α amilaze, peroksidaze, lakaze, transglutaminaze in proteaze. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se encima katalaza in superoksid dismutaza ne nahajata v naših vzorcih oziroma je njihova aktivnost tako nizka, da jo z uporabljenimi aktivnostnimi testi ni bilo mogoče zaznati. S pomočjo Bradfordove metode smo določili, da je koncentracija proteinov najvišja v etanolnem ekstraktu dehidriranih tropin, sledi ji etanolni ekstrakt svežih tropin, dehidriran borovničev sok, najnižjo koncentracijo proteinov pa smo določili v svežem borovničevem soku.

Keywords

ameriške borovnice;encimska aktivnost;koncentracija proteinov;Soxhletova ekstrakcija;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[H. Kovač]
UDC:	[637.047:577.15]:634.735(043.2)
COBISS:	130588419
Views:	106
Downloads:	16
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Enzyme activity in blueberries
Secondary abstract:	The thesis presents the study of enzyme activity in American blueberries. We chose American blueberries for the study of enzyme activity, because the demand for them has been growing in recent years, we assume that is because of their positive effect on human health. To determine the enzyme activities in American blueberries, we chose 10 enzymes, that we anticipated are present in them. In addition to determining enzyme activity, we also determined the protein concentration in all these samples by the Bradford method. In the study, enzyme activity was determined separately in blueberry pomace and juice. We were also interested in how enzyme activity differed in fresh and how in dehydrated samples. First, we prepared the following samples from American blueberries: • ethanol extract from fresh pomace, • ethanol extract from dehydrated pomace, • fresh blueberry juice and • dehydrated blueberry juice. The enzyme activity of the samples above was then determined using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. We determined the activity of the following enzymes in blueberries: α-amylase, glucoamylase, cellulase, lipase, lacase, catalase, peroxidase and protease, transglutaminase, superoxide dismutase. The results show that the greatest activity in American blueberries has the lipase enzyme, but only in fresh blueberry juice and in the ethanol extract from dehydrated pomace. In the other two samples it is not present. The enzyme glucoamylase also has a high enzymatic activity, the largest in the ethanol extract from fresh pomace. Glucoamylase was confirmed in all our samples, as well as enzymes: cellulase, α-amylase, peroxidase, lacase, transglutaminase, protease; the enzymes are listed in order from highest to lowest enzyme activity. We found that the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were not present in our samples. Using the Bradford method, we determined that the highest protein concentration is in the ethanol extract from dehydrated pomace, followed by the ethanol extract from fresh pomace, dehyadrated blueberry juice, and the lowest protein concentration is in fresh blueberry juice.
Secondary keywords:	American blueberries;enzymatic activity;protein concentration;Soxhlet extraction.;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (92 f.))
ID:	13276693