Izolacija keratina iz odpadne biomase in sinteza keratinskih nanodelcev

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Anja Mešl (Author), Mojca Škerget (Mentor), Lidija Fras Zemljič (Co-mentor), Olivija Plohl (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Piščančje perje, ki je odpadna biomasa, predstavlja do 10 % celotne piščančje suhe mase. Iz tega vidika ima veliko potencialnih industrijskih aplikacij, pri tem pa tudi zmanjšamo količino odpadne biomase in vplivamo pozitivno na okoljski vidik. Skoraj v celoti je perje sestavljeno iz proteina keratina. Ker pa je keratin netopen v vodi, je njegova ekstrakcija zahtevna naloga. Večina dosedanjih procesov ekstrakcije je okolju neprijaznih in neekonomičnih. Raziskave torej vodijo v iskanje bolj zelenih in ekonomičnih procesov. V diplomski nalogi smo se odločili za okolju prijazen hidrotermični proces; ekstrakcijo keratina v subkritični vodi. Ekstrakcijo z vodo smo izvedli pri 180 °C in času 1h (2 g perja v 70 mL vode). Rezultati kažejo, da je naša suspenzija vsebovala keratin, katerega molekulske mase so bile v območju od 4,6 do 15 kDa. Z metodo ATR-FTIR smo potrdili prisotnost proteina keratina v ekstraktu. V nadaljevanju smo iz izoliranega keratina z alginatom, hitozanom in TPP z metodo kompleksacije in ionske gelacije sintetizirali delce, ki pa niso bili v nano območju tako, kot smo predvidevali. Sintetizirani delci so bili mikronskih velikosti in predstavljajo mikrodelce, ki smo jih analizirali. V njih smo nato ujeli zdravilo in določili kinetiko sproščanja. Ugotovili smo, da keratinske delce lahko uporabimo kot dostavni sistem za kontrolirano sproščanje učinkovin. Z nadaljnjo optimizacijo postopkov bi v prihodnosti lahko sintetizirali nanodelce.

Keywords

keratin;nanodelci;hidrotermični procesi;ekstrakcija v subkritični vodi;kompleksacija;perje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[A. Mešl]
UDC:	66.061.3:547.962.9(043.2)
COBISS:	79678467
Views:	283
Downloads:	66
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Isolation of keratin from waste biomass and synthesis of keratin nanoparticles
Secondary abstract:	Chicken feathers, which are a waste product of biomass, account for up to 10% of total chicken dry matter. From this point of view, it has many potential industrial applications while reducing the amount of biomass waste and having a positive impact on the environmental aspect. Feathers are composed almost entirely of the protein keratin. However, since keratin is insoluble in water, its extraction is a difficult task. Most of the existing extraction methods are environmentally unfriendly and uneconomical. Therefore, research is on to find more environmentally friendly and economical methods. In the thesis, we have chosen an eco-friendly hydrothermal process; extraction of keratin in subcritical water. The extraction with water was carried out at 180 ° C and for 1 h (2 g of feathers in 70 mL of water). The results show that our suspension contained keratin whose molecular weights ranged from 4.6 to 15 kDa. The presence of keratin protein in the extract was confirmed by ATR-FTIR method. Subsequently, particles of isolated keratin were synthesized with alginate, chitosan and TPP by complexation and ionic gelation method, but they were not in the nanoscale as predicted. The synthesized particles were size of micrometer and represent the microparticles that we analyzed. We then entrapped the drug within them and determined the release kinetics. We found that keratin particles can be used as a delivery system for controlled drug release. By further optimizing the processes, nanoparticles could be synthesized in the future.
Secondary keywords:	keratin;nanoparticles;hydrothermal processes;extraction in subcritical water;complexation;feather;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	X, 44 str.
ID:	13301795