Avtoritarni konstitucionalizem

(magistrsko diplomsko delo)

Vid Drole (Author), Saša Zagorc (Mentor)

Abstract

Magistrsko delo obravnava fenomen avtoritarnega konstitucionalizma, ki je obravnavan kot zdrs državne ureditve iz ustavne demokracije proti avtoritarnosti. Delo prikazuje načine zdrsa ustavne demokracije na vseh treh temeljnih elementih konstitucionalizma: pravni državi, človekovih pravicah ter temeljnih svoboščinah in demokraciji. Ugotavljam, da je v sistemu avtoritarnega konstitucionalizma kršeno načelo delitve oblasti, da odločitve sodišč pogosto niso izvršene ali so izvršene zgolj simbolično, in da je pogosto kršeno načelo zakonitosti. Na področju človekovih pravic se delo osredotoča predvsem na svobodo izražanja, svobodo združevanja in svobodo zbiranja. Oblast z avtoritarnimi tendencami na področju človekovih pravic izkorišča zasebne tožbe in kazenski pregon zaradi razžalitve, omejuje financiranje nevladnih organizacij in medijev in nad njimi izvaja pritisk s pomočjo državnih organov. Na področju demokracije je zdrs opazen predvsem v volilni geometriji in v omejevanju aktivne in pasivne volilne pravice. Hkrati magistrsko delo obravnava tudi uporabo volitev za delitev funkcij v sistemu avtoritarnega konstitucionalizma in povečano referendumsko odločanje, ki legitimira oblastne reforme. V magistrskem delu je ugotovljeno, da teorije ustavnosodnega nadzora – predvsem militantna demokracija in teorija neustavnih ustavnih amandmajev – ne nudijo učinkovite zaščite pred zdrsom ustavne demokracije, saj ta ne poteka na nasilen način, kot tudi ne izključno preko spremembe ustave. Magistrsko delo zaključuje, da je dolgoročna vzdržnost avtoritarnega konstitucionalizma manj verjetna, saj je treba iskati ravnotežje med sodelovanjem s socioekonomskimi elitami, ki režim podpirajo in oblikovanjem dolgoročnih politik, ki vplivajo na blagostanje državljanov.

Keywords

avtoritarni konstitucionalizem;ustavna demokracija;zdrs;delitev oblasti;odgovornost;militantna demokracija;neustavni ustavni amandmaji;ustavnosodni nadzor.;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[V. Drole]
UDC:	342(043.2)
COBISS:	75181059
Views:	258
Downloads:	51
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Authoritarian constitutionalism
Secondary abstract:	The master thesis deals with the phenomena of authoritarian constitutionalism, which is for the purposes of this thesis defined as a regression of constitutional democracy towards authoritarianism. The thesis sketches the way the regression occurs on horizontal, vertical and diagonal aspects of constitutionalism, namely: rule of law, human rights, democracy. It is argued that the system of authoritarian constitutionalism breaches the rule of law principle, that court decisions often go unimplemented, or they are implemented symbolically, and that the principle of legality is often not respected. When it comes to human rights, the thesis covers freedom of speech, freedom of association and freedom of assembly. Governments with authoritarian tendencies tend to pursue libel lawsuits and criminal charges against media and NGOs, limit financing options to those institutions, and engage in institutional harassment of media and NGOs. In the field of democracy, the thesis argues, that authoritarian tendencies are seen in restricting both the right to vote, as well as the right to be elected. Furthermore, it shows how governments use referendums to legitimize their reforms and use elections to distribute spoils to the socioeconomic elites supporting them. The thesis shows that judicial review theories, especially militant democracy and unconstitutional constitutional amendments theory, are no longer suitable to safeguard democracy against regression, as the regression does not occur via violent means but through subtle changes to the law and legal practice. In the final part, the thesis concludes that long term stability of such regimes is hard to achieve, as the government has to balance the interest of the socioeconomic elites, as well as the interest of the wider population so as to ensure their wellbeing, and economic and political cooperation.
Secondary keywords:	authoritarian constituionalism;constitutional democracy;backsliding;separtaion of powers;accountability;militant democracy;unconstitutional constitutional amendmetns;judical review.;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Pravna fak.
Pages:	54 f.
ID:	13314326