Anemija v nosečnosti

diplomsko delo

Lidija Kuravica (Author), Darja Ovijač (Reviewer), Suzana Mlinar (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Anemija zaradi pomanjkanja železa je pogosto diagnosticirano stanje v nosečnosti. Nastane kot posledica izčrpanih zalog železa in povečanih potreb po železu, lahko pa tudi pri nekaterih boleznih (npr. pri malabsorpciji), pri krvavitvah ali pri slabi prehrani nosečnice. Je lahko razlog neugodnih izidov nosečnosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil opisati anemijo zaradi pomanjkanja železa, ugotoviti značilnosti nosečnic, ki so bolj podvržene k nastanku anemije, ter opisati posledice anemije pri nosečnici in plodu. Predstaviti smo hoteli, kako pomembno je, da zdravstveni delavci ozaveščajo nosečnice o anemiji zaradi pomanjkanja železa. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. V podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Medine, PubMed, Science Direct in dLib smo iskali literaturo s ključnimi besedami, ki so se nanašale na anemijo zaradi pomanjkanja železa, nosečnost, socialne determinante zdravja, kakovost življenja, izid nosečnosti in preventivo. V pregled smo vključili literaturo v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku, objavljeno od leta 2011 do leta 2020. V podrobni pregled je bilo vključenih 18 izvirnih znanstvenih člankov. Rezultati: Anemija zaradi pomanjkanja železa je pogosta pri nenačrtovani nosečnosti, nosečnicah z nizkim socialno-ekonomskim statusom, z nizko izobrazbo, z anamnezo čezmerne menstrualne krvavitve, s slabo prehrano ali s simptomi depresije. Zaradi anemije se lahko pojavijo neugodni izidi nosečnosti, kot so prezgodnji porod, nizka porodna teža novorojenčka, povečano tveganje za okužbo in celo smrt novorojenčka. Posledice anemije v nosečnosti se lahko kažejo tudi v poporodnem obdobju, kot npr. sindrom nemirnih nog, poporodna krvavitev, poporodna anemija, poporodna depresija, povečano tveganje za transfuzijo krvi. Pri preprečevanju in zmanjšanju razširjenosti anemije zaradi pomanjkanja železa bi ključno vlogo mogli prevzeti zdravstveni delavci, ki bi nosečnice ozaveščali, svetovali in jim nudili oporo. Razprava in zaključek: Pojav anemije v nosečnosti vpliva na zdravje nosečnice, izid nosečnosti ter poveča tveganje za nastanek zapletov v poporodnem obdobju. Nosečnicam je treba zagotoviti individualno in celostno antenatalno oskrbo, kjer zdravstveni delavci jim dajo potrebno znanje za zmanjšanje tveganja za nastanek anemije zaradi pomanjkanja železa, kot sta ustrezna prehrana in nadomeščanje železa ob pomanjkanju.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;slabokrvnost;pomanjkanje železa;zdravstveni delavec;zdravstvena vzgoja;zdrava prehrana;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[L. Kuravica]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	75290115
Views:	358
Downloads:	92
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Anaemia in pregnancy
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia is a commonly diagnosed condition in women during pregnancy. It is a result of the decrease in iron and the increased need for it; it can also be caused by certain diseases (malabsorption, for example), bleeding and a poor diet in pregnant women. Moreover, it is one of the reasons for adverse outcome of pregnancies. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to describe iron deficiency anaemia, determine characteristics of pregnant women who are more prone to anaemia and portray its consequences for pregnant women and their foetus. We want to present how important it is that healthcare workers raise awareness among pregnant women about iron deficiency anaemia. Methods: The descriptive work method was used. Suitable literature sources were obtained in the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct and dLib databases, using keywords related to iron deficiency anaemia, social determinants for health, quality of life, pregnancy outcome and prevention. The literature overview comprised sources written in English and Slovene and published between the years 2011 and 2020. A more detailed overview included 18 original scientific articles. Results: Iron deficiency anaemia is common in cases of unplanned pregnancy, pregnant women with a low socioeconomic status, a low education background, a history of excessive menstrual bleeding, a poor diet or symptoms of depression. Due to anaemia, adverse outcomes in pregnancy may occur, such as premature delivery, low birth weight, increased risk of infection and even neonatal death. Consequences of anaemia during pregnancy, such as restless leg syndrome, postpartum bleeding, postpartum anaemia, postpartum depression and increased risk of blood transfusion, are also observed in the postpartum period. Healthcare workers should assume the main role in an effort to prevent iron deficiency anaemia or reduce its prevalence, as they could raise awareness among pregnant women, advise them and provide them support. Discussion and conclusion: Anaemia during pregnancy affects pregnant women's health and pregnancy outcome, and it increases the risk of complications in the postpartum period. Healthcare workers should be provided pregnant women with individual and comprehensive antenatal care, informing them about ways to decrease the risk of iron deficiency anaemia, such as a good diet and the consumption of iron supplements in the event of iron deficiency.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;anaemia;iron deficiency;healthcare worker;health education;healthy diet;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	41 str.
ID:	13321186