diplomsko delo
Nika Drnovšek (Author), Jernej Jakše (Mentor)

Abstract

Rastlinski virusi so intracelulearni patogeni, ki povzročajo veliko škodo v kmetijstvu. Virusne bolezni povzročajo občuten padec v kvaliteti in količini pridelka, kar ogroža svetovno preskrbo s hrano. Tradicionalne metode nadzora nad virusi niso zadosti učinkovite, zato so vse bolj pomembni novi biotehnološki pristopi. Prvi takšen pristop je zaščita na osnovi RNA interference (RNAi). RNA interferenca je sekvenčno specifičen mehanizem za utišanje genov, ki ga posredujejo majhne interferenčne RNA ali mikroRNA. Ta tehnologija je že bila uporabljena za obrambo mnogo gospodarsko pomembnih rastlin pred virusi, kot so krompirjev Y virus (PVY), virus mozaika kumare (CMV), virus šarke (PPV) in virus obročkaste pegavosti papaje (PRV). Drugi pristop uporablja različne proteinske in encimske sisteme, ki specifično ciljajo viruse in njihove sestavne dele ter s tem zagotavljajo zaščito pred virusi. Med te sisteme spadajo tehnologije preurejanja genoma, kot so ZFN, TALEN in CRISPR-Cas. Študije so pokazale, da so te metode učinkovite v obrambi pred številnimi rastlinskimi virusi še posebej pred virusi iz družin Geminiviridae in Potyviridae.

Keywords

rastlinski virusi;RNAi;ZFN;TALEN;CRISPR-Cas;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [N. Drnovšek]
UDC: 602.6:582.5/.9:632.382(043.2)
COBISS: 75629315 Link will open in a new window
Views: 200
Downloads: 29
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: New approaches of plant genetic modifications for defence against viruses
Secondary abstract: Plant viruses are intracellular pathogens that cause great damage in agriculture. Viral diseases present a threat to world’s food supply as they significantly reduce crop quality and yield. Traditional methods of virus control are not effective, therefore new biotechnological approaches are gaining importance. First strategy is protection based on RNA interference (RNAi). RNA interference is sequence-specific mechanism for gene silencing, mediated by small interfering RNAs or microRNAs. This technology has already been used to protect many economically important plants against viruses such as potato Y virus (PVY), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), plum pox virus (PPV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRV). The second approach uses different protein and enzyme systems that specifically target viruses and their components, thus providing protection against viruses. These systems include genome editing technologies such as ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas. Studies have shown that these plant modification methods are effective in protecting plants against several plant viruses, especially viruses from the families Geminiviridae and Potyviridae.
Secondary keywords: plant viruses;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages: VI, 22 str.
ID: 13335652