Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples

Abstract

Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.

Keywords

analizna kemija;analitska kemija;ekologija;vzorčevanje trdnih vzorcev;kemijske analize;tehnike priprave vzorcev;mikroanaliza;mikroekstrakcija;zemlja;sedimenti;liquid-phase microextraction;SDME;HF-LPME;DLLME;environmental solid sample;soil;sediment;

Data

Language:	English
Year of publishing:	2014
Typology:	1.02 - Review Article
Organization:	UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
UDC:	543.063:504.06
COBISS:	1712175
ISSN:	1420-3049
Views:	186
Downloads:	59
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	Slovenian
Secondary keywords:	analizna kemija;analitska kemija;ekologija;vzorčevanje trdnih vzorcev;kemijske analize;tehnike priprave vzorcev;mikroanaliza;mikroekstrakcija;zemlja;sedimenti;
Type (COBISS):	Article
Pages:	str. 6776-6808
Volume:	ǂVol. ǂ19
Issue:	ǂno. ǂ5
Chronology:	2014
DOI:	10.3390/molecules19056776
ID:	13470069