magistrsko delo
Miha Rojc (Author), Vedran Hadžić (Reviewer), Edvin Dervišević (Mentor), Primož Pori (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Triada športnic in sindrom relativnega energijskega primanjkljaja (RED-S) sta podobna sindroma, povzročena z nizko energijsko razpoložljivostjo (low energy availability – LEA), kar ima lahko negativne posledice na zdravje in zmogljivost športnikov in športnic. Za oba sindroma je pomembno zgodnje odkrivanje ogroženih športnikov za preprečitev dolgotrajnejših zdravstvenih posledic. V te namene se uporablja kratek validiran vprašalnik nizke energijske razpoložljivosti med športnicami – LEAF-Q. Čeprav je iz leta v leto vse več raziskav na temo RED-S, je to področje še vedno slabo raziskano in ostaja veliko nejasnost, ko gre za raziskave, ki bi vključevale populacijo triatlonk. Prav zato smo v naši raziskavi preučevali tematiko energijske razpoložljivosti in relativnega energijskega primanjkljaja na populaciji triatlonk. Želeli smo ugotoviti, v kakšni meri vprašalnik LEAF-Q prepozna RED-S pri slovenskih triatlonkah ter preučiti morebitno povezanost RED-S z načinom prehranjevanja, poznavanjem športne prehrane ter pojavnostjo poškodb. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 30 triatlonk povprečne starosti 32,1 let. Vsaka je opravila bioimpedančno meritev telesne sestave, meritev indirektne kalorimetrije za določitev metabolne stopnje v mirovanju (mRMR) ter odgovorila na štiri spletne vprašalnike: (1) LEAF-Q, (2) NSKQ – vprašalnik o poznavanju prehrane, (3) TFEQ – trifaktorski vprašalnik o prehranjevanju in (4) vprašalnik o pojavnosti poškodb. Rezultati: Povprečno skupno število točk LEAF-Q vprašalnika je bilo 7, 43 % triatlonk pa je bilo ogroženih za triado in RED-S na podlagi skupnega števila točk (≥ 8 točk). O težavah s poškodbami (LEAF-Q ≥2) je poročalo 47 % triatlonk, s prebavili (LEAF-Q ≥ 2) 37 % in z menstruacijsko disfunkcijo (LEAF-Q ≥ 4) 33 % triatlonk. Vprašalnik o znanju o prehrani je pokazal, da je znanje triatlonk povprečno, saj so dosegle rezultat 53 %, pri čemer so najslabše znanje pokazale na področju športne prehrane in prehranskih dopolnil. Vprašalnik TFEQ pokaže, da imajo triatlonke največ težav pri faktorju čustveno prehranjevanje. Izmerjena metabolna stopnja v mirovanju (mRMR) je bila 5581 kJ/dan (1333 kcal/dan), predvidena po Cunnighamovi enačbi (pRMRc) pa 6778 kJ/dan (1619 kcal/dan), povprečno razmerje med dejansko in predvideno metabolno stopnjo v mirovanju pa je bilo 0,83. Ogroženih po kriteriju razmerja mRMR/pRMRc je bilo 73 % triatlonk. Poškodovane triatlonke so imele povprečno več skupnih točk na LEAF-Q, in sicer 8,94, kar pomeni tudi višjo ogroženost za RED-S. Ugotovili smo tudi mejno statistično značilno negativno povezavo med skupnimi točkami NSKQ in skupnimi točkami LEAF-Q, kar pomeni, da tiste, ki so pokazale slabše znanje pri prehrani, so bile tudi bolj ogrožene za RED-S. Sklep: Raziskave je pokazala, da je RED-S pogost tudi pri izbranem vzorcu triatlonk (43 %) ter da velik delež (73 %) kaže tudi nesorazmerje med dejansko in napovedano porabo energije v mirovanju. Skrbi pomanjkljivo znanje triatlonk na področju športne prehrane. Rezultati naše raziskave kažejo na potrebo po tesnem sodelovanju triatlonk z dietetikom oz. nutricistom ter nadaljnjem ozaveščanju o problematiki RED-S.

Keywords

šport;triatlon;ženske;triada športnic;relativni energijski primanjkljaj;energijska razpoložljivost;nizka energijska razpoložljivost;negativni vplivi;zdravje;športna uspešnost;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL FŠ - Faculty of Sport
Publisher: [M. Rojc]
UDC: 796.093.643-055.2
COBISS: 97730307 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 84
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Relative energy deficiency in female triathlon athletes
Secondary abstract: Introduction: The Female Athlete Triad and the Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome (RED-S) are similar syndromes caused by low energy availability (LEA), which can have negative consequences for the health and performance of athletes. For both syndromes, early detection of at-risk athletes is important to prevent long-term health consequences. For these purposes, a short validated Low-Energy Availability in Female athletes Questionnaire is used (LEAF-Q). Although there is more and more research on RED-S every year, this area is still poorly researched and much ambiguity remains, especially when it comes to research involving the triathlon population. That is why, in our research, we studied the topic of energy availability and relative energy deficit in the population of triathletes. We wanted to find out to what extent the LEAF-Q questionnaire recognizes RED-S in Slovenian triathletes and to examine the possible association of RED-S with the eating habits, knowledge of sports nutrition, and the incidence of injuries. Methods: 30 triathletes with an average age of 32.1 years participated in the study. Each performed a bioimpedance measurement of body composition, an indirect calorimetry measurement to determine the resting metabolic rate (mRMR) and answered four online questionnaires: (1) LEAF-Q, (2) NSKQ - nutrition knowledge questionnaire, (3) TFEQ - three-factor eating questionnaire and (4) injury questionnaire. Results: The average total score of the LEAF-Q questionnaire was 7, and 43% of triathletes were at risk for triad and RED-S based on the total score (≥ 8 points). Injury (LEAF-Q ≥ 2), gastrointestinal (LEAF-Q ≥ 2) and menstrual dysfunction problems (LEAF-Q ≥ 4) were reported by 47 %, 37 % and 33 % of triathletes, respectively. The questionnaire on nutrition knowledge showed that the knowledge of triathletes was average, as they achieved a result of 53%, with the worst knowledge in the field of sports nutrition and nutritional supplements. The TFEQ questionnaire shows that triathletes have the most problems with emotional eating factors. The measured resting metabolic rate (mRMR) was 5581 kJ / day (1333 kcal / day), and the predicted RMR using Cunnigham equation (pRMRc) was 6778 kJ / day (1619 kcal / day), the average ratio between the actual and predicted resting metabolic rate was 0.83. 73% of triathletes were at risk for RED-S according to the mRMR / pRMRc ratio criterion (<0.9). Injured triathletes had, on average, higher score on the LEAF-Q (8.94), which also means a higher risk for RED-S. We also found a borderline statistically significant negative association between NSKQ scores and LEAF-Q scores, meaning that those who showed poorer dietary knowledge were also more at risk for RED-S. Conclusion: Research has shown that RED-S is common in the selected sample of triathletes (43%), and that a large proportion (73%) also shows a disproportion between the measured and predicted energy consumption at rest. There should be concern about the lack of knowledge of triathletes in the field of sports nutrition. The results of our research indicate the need for close cooperation of triathletes with a dietitian or nutritionists, and further raising awareness of RED-S issues.
Secondary keywords: sport;relative energy deficiency;energy availability;low energy availiability;thriathlon;female;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za šport
Pages: 82 str.
ID: 13634743