magistrsko delo
Sabina Senica (Author), Martina Oder (Reviewer), Tjaša Griessler Bulc (Mentor)

Abstract

Ureditev odvajanja in čiščenja komunalnih odpadnih voda na območju razpršene poselitve v malih komunalnih čistilnih napravah je obveza lastnikov objektov, pri čemer je bil pravni okvir na ravni držav članic Evropske unije za to področje urejen leta 2000 z okvirno vodno direktivo. V množici obstoječih tehnologij za čiščenje komunalnih odpadnih voda na območju izven aglomeracij postajajo sonaravne ali zelene tehnologije čiščenja vedno bolj prepoznane kot ustrezne za učinkovito zaščito naravnega in življenjskega okolja. Namen magistrskega dela je ovrednotiti delovanje inovativne pilotne male komunalne čistilne naprave, ki je sonaravna in odporna na zunanje okoljske dejavnike ter je namenjena čiščenju odpadnih voda posameznih stanovanjskih objektov. Za vrednotenje delovanja pilotne male komunalne čistilne naprave smo izvedli v obdobju od decembra 2018 do aprila 2021 vzorčenja in meritve fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov na vtoku in iztoku naprave. V komunalni odpadni vodi smo merili pH, električno prevodnost, temperaturo, vsebnost raztopljenega kisika, neraztopljene snovi, KPK, BPK5 ter spremljali vpliv vremenskih razmer. Merili smo porabo pitne vode, določili hidravlično obremenitev, izvedli meritve hidravličnega zadrževalnega časa in izračunali povprečne vrednosti ter učinek čiščenja za neraztopljene snovi, KPK, BPK5 in električno prevodnost. V raziskavi smo uporabili standardne metode. V pilotni mali komunalni čistilni napravi s filtrnim medijem smo v prvih 18 mesecih dosegli 70% povprečni učinek čiščenja neraztopljenih snovi, 74% za KPK in 85% za BPK5. V 28 mesecih spremljanja KPK smo v povprečju dosegli še višjo, 77% učinkovitost. Izmerili smo 7 urni dejanski hidravlični zadrževalni čas. Povprečna hidravlična obremenitev pMKČN je bila 396 L/dan. Zunanji okoljski dejavniki in nihanja hidravlične obremenitve in obremenitve onesnaženja niso vplivali na učinkovitost delovanja naprave. Čiščenje komunalnih odpadnih voda v pMKČN se je izkazalo kot učinkovita sonaravna rešitev čiščenja komunalnih odpadnih voda na območju z razpršeno poselitvijo, saj smo s statistično obdelavo in preučitvijo rezultatov izmerjenih parametrov dokazali, da proces sekundarnega čiščenja poteka dovolj učinkovito, da smo zagotovili skladnost s predpisanimi mejnimi vrednostmi za izpust v okolje. Stabilnost parametrov na iztoku nakazuje na robustnost delovanja naprave, saj smo dosegali visoke, nad 70% učinke čiščenja izmerjenih parametrov. Raziskavo bi bilo smiselno nadgraditi z izvedbo meritev hranil ter mikrobioloških parametrov, s čimer bi lahko ugotovili morebitni potencial naprave za ponovno uporabo očiščene KOV za namakanje.

Keywords

magistrska dela;sanitarno inženirstvo;komunalna odpadna voda;male komunalne čistilne naprave;sonaravne tehnologije;učinkovitost čiščenja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [S. Senica]
UDC: 614
COBISS: 80434179 Link will open in a new window
Views: 261
Downloads: 46
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Evaluation of on-site small wastewater treatment plant - innovative underground filtration system (pilot study)
Secondary abstract: Arranging the discharge and treatment of urban wastewater in small wastewater treatment plants in areas of dispersed population is an obligation of the facilities’ owners, whereby the legal framework at the level of EU member states for this area was regulated in 2000 with Water Framework Directive. Among a multitude of existing technologies for urban wastewater treatment in areas outside agglomerations, nature-based and green treatment technologies are becoming increasingly recognisable as appropriate for an efficient protection of the natural and living environment. The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate the operation of an innovative pilot small wastewater treatment plant, which is nature-based and resistant to external environmental factors and is intended for treating the wastewater of individual residential buildings. In order to evaluate the operation of the pilot small wastewater treatment plant we carried out sampling and measurements of physico-chemical parameters at the plant’s inlet and outlet from December 2018 to April 2021. The pH value, electrical conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, total suspended solids, COD, BOD5 were measured in the urban wastewater, and the impact of weather conditions was monitored. We measured the consumption of drinking water and thus obtained the hydraulic load. We carried out measurements of the hydraulic retention time and calculated the average value and the effect of the treatment on total suspended solids, COD, BOD5 and electrical conductivity. Standard methods were applied in our research. A 70% average effect of treating total suspended solids was achieved in the pilot small wastewater treatment plant with filtration medium in first 18 months, 74% for COD and 85% for BOD5. In the 28 months of COD monitoring we achieved even a higher value, 77% efficiency on average. We measured a 7-hour long actual hydraulic retention time. The average hydraulic load of pilot small wastewater treatment plant was 396 L/day. The external environmental factors and fluctuations of the hydraulic and pollution load did not affect the efficiency of the plant’s operation. Urban wastewater treatment at the pilot small wastewater treatment plant turned out to be an efficient nature-based solution for urban wastewater treatment in areas with dispersed population, since by statistically processing and examining the results of the measured parameters we have proven that the process of secondary treatment is sufficiently efficient in order to ensure the compliance with the prescribed limit values for release into the environment. The stability of parameters at the outlet is evidence of the robustness of the plant’s operation, since high treatment efficiency over 70% of the measured parameters were achieved. It would be reasonable to upgrade the research by carrying out measurements of nutrients and microbiological parameters with which we would be able to establish the plant's potential for re-use of treated urban wastewater for irrigation.
Secondary keywords: master's theses;sanitary engineering;urban wastewater;pilot small wastewater treatment plants;nature-based technologies;treatment efficiency;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za sanitarno inženirstvo
Pages: 49 str.
ID: 13700538