Vadba za moč kot fizioterapevtska metoda za zmanjšanje sarkopenije pri starejših osebah

diplomska naloga

Klemen Martinovič (Author), Friderika Kresal (Reviewer), Boris Sila (Mentor)

Abstract

Trend upada mišične sile se začne kmalu po 50. letu starosti in se pospeši po 70. letu starosti (Strojnik, 2011). Sarkopenijo lahko opredelimo kot sindrom, za katerega je značilna progresivna in splošna izguba mišične mase in moči s tveganjem za neugodne izide, kot so telesna okvara, slaba kakovost življenja in smrt (Santilli in sod., 2014). Mišična moč je trenutno najzanesljivejše merilo mišične funkcije, saj so zaradi tehnoloških omejitev drugi pristopi problematični kot primarni parametri za določanje sarkopenije (Cruz-Jentoft in sod., 2019). Dejavnikov tveganja za pojavitev sarkopenije je več. Eden glavnih dejavnikov pa je izguba tako počasnih kot hitrih motoričnih enot s pospešeno izgubo hitrih motoričnih enot. Poleg izgube hitrih motoričnih enot je prisotna tudi atrofija vlaken (predvsem hitrih vlaken tipa II). To povzroči izgubo mišične moči, ki jo potrebujemo za aktivnosti, kot so dvig s stola, hoja po stopnicah ali povrnitev drže po motnji ravnotežja (Lang in sod., 2010). Zato nas je v tej diplomski nalogi zanimalo, ali lahko z vadbo za moč pozitivno vplivamo na znake sarkopenije pri starejših osebah. V ta namen smo pregledali podatkovni bazi PubMed in PEDro. Po prebiranju strokovne literature smo izbrali 8 raziskav in metaanaliz. Pozitivne učinke vadbe za moč na mišično moč potrjuje 6 raziskav/metaanaliz, na telesne zmogljivosti 5 raziskav/metaanaliz in na mišično maso 2 metaanalizi. Povečanje mišične mase po obravnavah sta 2 metaanalizi zavrnili, zato glede tega nismo prišli do natančnih ugotovitev. Trdimo lahko, da ima vadba za moč pozitiven učinek na pridobitev mišične moči in izboljšanje telesne zmogljivosti pri starejših osebah s sarkopenijo. Zato jo priporočamo kot primerno, varno in učinkovito fizioterapevtsko metodo pri starejših osebah s sarkopenijo kot del preventivnega programa ali zdravljenja. Poudarjamo tudi, naj vadba poteka z večjimi bremeni (do 80 % 1RM), saj tako povečamo vpliv vadbe na izboljšanje mišične moči. Za morebitne učinke povečanja mišične mase pa priporočamo večje obsege vadbe. Ugotovitve bi lahko dopolnili, če bi imeli dostop do vseh člankov s celotno vsebino. V prihodnje bi bilo priporočljivo zajeti večje število novih metaanaliz in raziskav s širšega jezikovnega področja.

Keywords

sarkopenija;vadba za moč;vpliv vadbe;starostne spremembe;telesna vadba v starosti;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Publisher:	[K. Martinovič]
UDC:	615.8
COBISS:	87316995
Views:	58
Downloads:	4
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Strength training as a physiotherapeutic method to reduce sarcopenia in the elderly
Secondary abstract:	The trend of declining muscle strength begins sometime after age 50 and becomes accelerated after age 70 (Strojnik, 2011). Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Furthermore, it is strictly correlated with physical disability, poor quality of life, and death (Santilli et al., 2014). Muscle strength is currently the most reliable measure of muscle function, while other approaches remain problematic as primary parameters for determining sarcopenia due to technological constraints (Cruz Jentoft et al., 2019). There are several risk factors for sarcopenia. One of the main factors, however, is the loss of both slow and fast motor units with the accelerated loss of fast motor units. In addition to the loss of fast motor units, there is also fiber atrophy (especially fast type II fibers). This results in loss of muscle strength necessary for actions such as rising from a chair, climbing steps, or regaining posture after a perturbation of balance (Lang et al., 2010). Therefore, in this thesis, we were interested in whether strength training can positively impact signs of sarcopenia in the elderly. For this purpose, we reviewed the PubMed and PEDro databases. After reading the literature, we selected 8 studies and meta-analyses. The positive effects of strength training on muscle strength are confirmed by 6 studies/meta-analyses, on physical performance by 5 studies/meta-analyses, and on muscle mass by 2 meta-analyses. The increase in muscle mass after the interventions was rejected by 2 meta-analyses, so we did not come to precise conclusions about this variable. We claim that strength training has a positive effect on gaining muscle strength and improving physical performance in the elderly with sarcopenia. Therefore, it is recommended as an appropriate, safe and effective physiotherapeutic method for the elderly with sarcopenia as part of a prevention program or treatment. We also emphasize that exercise should be performed with higher loads (up to 80% 1RM), as this increases the impact of exercise on increasing muscle strength. For the potential effects of increasing muscle mass, we propose increasing the amount of sets and repetitions. Our findings could be improved if we had access to all the articles in their entirety. In the future, it is advisable to cover a larger number of new meta-analyses and research from a wider language area.
Secondary keywords:	sarcopenia;strength training;impact of exercise;exercise in old age;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0020382
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Visokošolski zavod Fizioterapevtika
Pages:	I, 32 str.
ID:	13736570