diplomsko delo
Tamara Lekše (Author), Sonja Hlebš (Reviewer), Nina Hiti (Mentor), Polona Palma (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Osteoporoza je kronična bolezen, ki povzroči krhkost kosti. Osebe z osteoporozo so bolj dovzetne za zlome kosti, zlasti v predelu kolka, nadlahtnice, zapestja in vretenc. Izvajanje redne telesne dejavnosti je pomemben preventivni ukrep za preprečevanje osteoporoze oziroma osteoporoznega zloma, saj zmanjšuje izgubo kostne mase, prav tako pa izboljša mišično jakost, koordinacijo in ravnotežje ter s tem zmanjšuje število padcev in zlomov. Programi vadb proti uporu lahko izboljšajo strukturo kosti ter povečajo tvorbo kosti na mestih mehanskega stresa ter ohranijo mineralno kostno gostoto pri ženskah po menopavzi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda literature ugotoviti vpliv vadbe proti uporu na izboljšanje kostne mase pri ženskah v postmenopavzalnem obdobju. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, Cinahel in COBISS+. Za iskanje smo uporabili naslednje ključne besede: postmenopause, postmenopausal women, menopause resistance training, bone mass. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih pet raziskav. V vseh raziskavah so za pridobivanje podatka o mineralni kostni gostoti uporabili dvojno energijsko rentgensko absorbciometrijo. V vseh raziskavah so ugotovili, da je vadba proti uporu izboljšala mineralno gostoto kosti pri ženskah v postmenopavzalnem obdobju. Raziskava, v kateri so izvajali vadbo visoke intenzitete (> 80-85 % 1 maksimalne ponovitve), se je izkazala za najučinkovitejšo, vendar opozarjajo, da je takšen način vadbe potrebno izvajati v nadzorovanem okolju zaradi tveganja neželenih dogodkov. V dveh raziskavah se je izboljšala tudi mišična jakost mišic spodnjega uda (štiriglave stegenske mišice, zadnjih stegenskih mišic in srednje zadnjične mišice) in trupa (prsna mišica in velika mišica hrbta). V eni raziskavi so ugotovili izboljšanje funkcionalne sposobnosti telesa in živčno-mišične zmogljivosti. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati kažejo, da se je vadba proti uporu izkazala za učinkovit način ohranjanja mineralne kostne gostote pri ženskah v obdobju postmenopavze, saj le ta izboljša strukturo kosti in poveča tvorbo kosti na mestih, kjer med vadbo pride do mehanskega stresa. Vadba pa se je izkazala za koristno tudi pri zmanjševanju padcev, izboljšanju ravnotežja, mišične jakosti in funkcionalne ter živčno-mišične zmogljivosti. Izboljšala pa se je tudi kvaliteta življenja preiskovank.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;postmenopavza;osteoporoza;mineralna kostna gostota;vadba proti uporu;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [T. Lekše]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 86829571 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 70
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂeffect of resistance training on mineral bone density in postmenopausal period
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that causes bone fragility. People with osteoporosis are more susceptible to bone fracture, particularly in the hip, upper arm, wrist, and vertebrae. Regular physical exercise is an important preventive measure for forestalling osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture as it reduces the loss of bone mass and at the same time improves muscle strength, coordination, and balance, which reduces the number of falls and fractures. Resistance training programs can improve bone structure, increase bone formation in places of mechanical stress, and maintain mineral bone density in postmenopausal women. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work was to perform a literature review to determine how resistance training impacts the improvement of bone mass in postmenopausal women. Methods: To find the literature, we searched the PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, Cinahl, and COBISS+ databases in the English language. We used the following keywords: postmenopause, postmenopausal women, menopause resistance training, bone mass. Results: Five studies were included in the literature review. In all the selected studies, double energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to obtain data on mineral bone density. All the studies concluded that resistance training improves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. A study in which high-intensity exercises (< 80-85% one maximal repetition) were performed proved to be the most efficient, but it comes with a warning that such methods of exercise must be performed in a controlled environment due to the risk of adverse events. In two studies, the muscle strength of the lower extremity muscles (quadriceps, posterior thigh muscles, and middle buttock muscles) and torso muscles (chest muscle and large muscle of the back) had improved. One study determined an improvement of the functional capability of the body and its neuromuscular capacity. Discussion and conclusion: Results show that resistance training has proven to be an impactful way of retaining bone mineral density in postmenopausal women as it improves the bone structure and increases bone formation in places where exercise may cause mechanical stress. Exercise has also proven beneficial for reducing fall occurrence and improving balance, muscle strength and functionality, and neuromuscular capacity. The quality of life of the examinees has also improved.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;postmenopause;osteoporosis;bone mineral density;resistance training;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 26 str., [5] str. pril.
ID: 13790036