doktorska disertacija
Marinka Brglez Sever (Author), Denis Stajnko (Mentor), Matej Stopar (Thesis defence commission member), Mario Lešnik (Thesis defence commission member), Jerneja Jakopič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V intenzivnem nasadu jablan sorte ‘Braeburn Maririred’, v Brezju pri Oplotnici, smo raziskovali vpliv različnih barv protitočnih mrež na spektralne značilnosti svetlobe (transmisijo in refleksijo) in njenega vpliva na vegetativne in generativne kazalce razvoja ter parametre zrelosti in kakovosti. V štiriletni raziskavi smo preučevali vpliv interakcije med nekaterimi geomorfološkimi značilnostmi nasada (nadmorsko višino in naklonom terena) in svetlobo ter mikroklimatskimi razmerami v nasadu. Obravnavanja so predstavljala različne barve protitočnih mrež (rdeča, siva, modra, zelena in črna mreža), ki so imele enake tehnične lastnosti, ter nepokriti del nasada – kontrola. Rezultati potrjujejo statistično značilno zmanjšanje fotosintetskega aktivnega sevanja (PPFD) pod protitočnimi mrežami, najizraziteje pod modro in rdečo mrežo (v povprečju za 38,7 in 45,6 %). Rdeča, modra in zelena mreža vplivajo na različne spektre svetlobnega sevanja, medtem ko imata črna in siva mreža v celotnem območju svetlobnega sevanja enako refleksijo in transmisijo. Barva mreže nima enoznačnega vpliva na mikroklimatske razmere (povprečna temperatura zraka, minimalna temperatura zraka, maksimalna temperatura zraka, relativna zračna vlaga, temperatura rosišča, temperaturna točka vodne kapljice in toplotni indeks) razen na maksimalno temperaturo zraka pod modro mrežo, ki je bila v povprečju za 0,6 °C višja. Uporaba protitočnih mrež zmanjšuje hitrost vetra (v povprečju za 56,3 %) in pretok zraka (v povprečju za 63,4 %) ter izrazito spreminja razporeditev padavin v primeru močnega deževja ali rosenja. Geomorfološke lastnosti nasada so v pozitivni povezanosti z naklonom terena in PPFD. Prisotnost in barva protitočne mreže ne vplivata na vigor jablan in vsebnost topne suhe snovi v plodovih, medtem ko uporaba protitočnih mrež lahko vpliva na začetek zorenja (nižji škrobni indeks). Protitočne mreže, ne glede na barvo, pospešujejo naravno junijsko redčenje plodičev, kar lahko vpliva na velikost plodov, ki je odvisna tudi od obremenjenosti dreves. Manjša trdota plodov je v primeru uporabe protitočnih mrež posledica večjega naravnega redčenja pod mrežo oz. vremenskih razmer v nasadu. Mreže nimajo neposrednega vpliva na dinamiko zorenja (Streifov indeks zrelosti) in na razlike v barvi plodov. Kljub temu lahko modra, kot tudi rdeča in zelena mreža, vplivajo na hitrejšo dinamiko razvoja krovne barve plodov. Vpliv najpogosteje uporabljenih črnih protitočnih mrež na kakovost in zrelost plodov se ne razlikuje od drugih barvnih mrež.

Keywords

jablana;barvne protitočne mreže;mikroklima;refleksija;transmisija;kakovost;barva;zrelost;nadmorska višina terena;naklon terena;Sadjarstvo;Disertacije;Tehnologija pridelave sadja;Protitočne mreže;Spektralne lastnosti svetlobe;Tehnološke lastnosti sadja;Jabolka;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UM FKBV - Faculty of Agriculture
Publisher: [M. Brglez Sever]
UDC: 634.11:632.116.3(043.3)=163.6
COBISS: 89516547 Link will open in a new window
Views: 289
Downloads: 35
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Influence of different colours of anti-hail nets on the natural thinning, microclimate and light conditions in an orchard and quality parameters of apple fruits (Malu domestica Borkh.)
Secondary abstract: In the intensive apple orchard variety ‘Braeburn Maririred’ in Brezje pri Oplotnici, the spectral characteristics (transmission and reflection) of coloured anti-hail nets and their impact on vegetative and generative development indicators, ripeness and quality parameters were researched. In a four-year experiment, the interaction of some geomorphological characteristics of the orchard (elevation and terrain slope) were studied, along with light and microclimatic conditions in the apple orchard. Different treatments were conducted with different coloured anti-hail nets (red, grey, blue, green and black nets), characterized by equal technical characteristics, and an uncovered part of the orchard – the control group. The results confirm significant reduction of photosynthetic active radiation (PPFD) under anti-hail nets, which is most prominent under the blue and red nets (on average by 38.7 and 45.6%). Red, blue, and green nets influence different spectra of light radiation, while black and grey net have the same reflection and transmission within the whole range of light radiation. The colour of anti-hail nets does not have a consistent effect on microclimatic conditions (average air temperature, minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature, relative air humidity, dew point, temperature, wet-bulb temperature and heat index), apart from the maximum air temperature under the blue net, which was on average, 0.6°C higher. The use of anti-hail nets reduces wind speed (on average by 56.3%) and air flow (on average by 63.4%) and distinctly changes the distribution of precipitation during heavy rains or dewing. The geomorphological characteristics of the orchard are positively related to terrain slope and PPFD. The presence and colour of anti-hail nets do not impact the vigour of the apple trees or the content of soluble dry matter in fruit, while the use of anti-hail nets can affect the onset of ripening (lower starch index). Anti-hail nets, regardless of colour, intensify the natural thinning of fruitlets, which can have an impact on fruit size, which also depends on the load of the trees. The reduction in fruit flesh firmness of the fruit under the anti-hail nets is the result of a greater tendency to natural thinning under the net or weather conditions in the orchard. The nets do not have a direct impact on ripening dynamics (Streif Index) and differences in fruit colour. Despite this, the use of blue, red and green nets can induce a faster development dynamic of fruit skin colour. The influence of the most commonly used black nets on the quality and maturity of the fruit is no different from other coloured nets.
Secondary keywords: apple tree;coloured anti-hail nets;microclimate;reflection;transmission;quality;colour;ripeness;terrain elevation;terrain slope;Sadjarstvo;Tehnologija proizvodnje;Sadje;Jabolka;Svetloba;Spektralna občutljivost;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Doctoral dissertation
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede
Pages: XVII, 152 f., [25] f. pril.
ID: 13801045