diplomsko delo
Eva Obid (Author), Špela Mihevc (Reviewer), Alenka Plemelj Mohorič (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Pandemija covida-19 je od ljudi zahtevala, da vse več svojega dela opravijo od doma. Pri delu od doma so se pokazale številne prednosti in slabosti, med katerimi igrajo pomembno vlogo okoljski dejavniki. Pri oblikovanju domače pisarne je nujno upoštevanje načel ergonomije, saj lahko le tako zmanjšamo pojav mišično-skeletnih obolenj. Delovni terapevti pomagajo in svetujejo osebam, kako oblikovati ergonomsko okolje in med delom uporabljati ergonomske pripomočke. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je prikazati urejenost delovnega mesta pri uporabi računalnika pri delu od doma. Ugotavljali smo, kakšne so obremenitve in biomehanske drže telesa ter ali je pri tem prisoten pojav mišičnega neudobja. Metode dela: Izbran je bil kvantitativni način dela. Z namenskim vzorčenjem smo izbrali 25 udeležencev, ki so med epidemijo covida-19 delali od doma, pri svojem delu pa so uporabljali računalnik. Za ocenjevanje obremenitve telesa smo uporabili metodo RULA, za mišično neudobje Nordic Body Map, urejenost delovnega okolja pa smo ocenjevali z vprašalnikom o ureditvi ergonomskega mesta. Mesec dni po delovno-terapevtski intervenciji, ki je vključevala edukacijo, analizo in svetovanje za prilagoditev, smo ocenjevanje z vsemi ocenjevalnimi instrumenti ponovili. Rezultati: Statistična analiza s parnim T-testom je izkazala statistično značilno razliko med začetnim in končnim ocenjevanjem, saj so vsi udeleženci izboljšali ali ohranili ureditev delovnega mesta. Pri iskanju povezav med mišičnim neudobjem in nepravilno držo se statistično značilna povezanost ni pojavila. Razprava in zaključek: Pomena edukacije in promocije zdravja, kot enega ključnih dejavnikov za ozaveščanje pomena dejavnikov okolja, se nista izkazala za pomembnega le v naši študiji, temveč tudi tujih. Poleg edukacije imajo pomembno vlogo tudi ergonomija delovnega mesta, intervencije za zmanjševanje sedentarnega vedenja, v prihodnosti pa jo bo imela tudi uporaba mobilnih aplikacij. Delovno-terapevtska intervencija se je izkazala kot ustrezen prispevek k ustreznejši ergonomski ureditvi in ohranjanju mišičnega udobja pri delu z računalnikom. Rezultate bi bilo smiselno prenesti tudi v že obstoječo delovno-terapevtsko prakso. V prihodnje bi bilo smiselno študijo ponoviti na večjem vzorcu.

Keywords

diplomska dela;delovna terapija;domače pisarne;ergonomija;metoda RULA;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [E. Obid]
UDC: 615.851
COBISS: 87652355 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 96
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Characteristics of working on a computer in a home environment
Secondary abstract: Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has forced people to increase the amount of work done at home. Working at home has presented with numerous advantages and disadvantages, among which environmental factors play an important role. When designing a home office, it is crucial to follow the principles of ergonomics as it is the only way to reduce the risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational therapists advise and help people in designing an ergonomic environment and using ergonomic aids. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to demonstrate the appropriate orderliness of the workplace when working behind a computer screen at home. We tried to determine the loads and biomechanical body postures, and whether muscle discomfort appeared. Methods: A qualitative approach was chosen for this study. By means of purposive sampling, we chose 25 participants who were working for home during the Covid-19 pandemic and were using a computer. The RULA method was used to assess the physical load, the Nordic Body Map for assessing muscle discomfort, and a Questionnaire on Factors of the Working Environment to assess the orderliness of the work environment. One month after the occupational therapy intervention, which included education, analysis, and counselling for adjustment, we repeated the assessment with all assessment forms that were mentioned. Results: The statistical analysis with a paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the initial and the final assessment as all participants either improved or maintained the same order of the workplace. When looking for links between muscular discomfort and incorrect posture, no statistically significant associations emerged. Discussion and conclusion: Education and health promotion as key factors in raising awareness of the importance of environmental factors proved to be important in our study as well as in foreign studies. Alongside education, workplace ergonomics, interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour, and future use of mobile applications have an important role as well. Occupational therapy intervention has proven to be helpful in designing an ergonomically appropriate arrangement and in maintaining muscle comfort while working on a computer. It would make sense to transfer this into the existing occupational therapy practice. Similar studies should be repeated on a larger sample in the future.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;occupational therapy;home offices;ergonomics;RULA method;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za delovno terapijo
Pages: 46 str., [5] str. pril.
ID: 14054301