diplomsko delo
Boštjan Horvat (Author), Bojan Šarac (Mentor)

Abstract

Koligativne lastnosti so lastnosti raztopin, ki so odvisne od števila delcev topljenca v raztopini. Med te prištevamo znižanje parnega tlaka, zvišanje vrelišča, znižanje zmrzišča ter osmotski tlak. Te lastnosti so pomembne karakteristike sistema, ki jih človeštvo vedno bolj izrablja, nekateri procesi v naravi pa v določeni meri temeljijo na teh. V uvodu diplomskega dela je na kratko opisana vsaka koligativna lastnost. Drugi del diplome vsebuje teoretične osnove, najpomembnejše zveze za računanje koligativnih lastnosti, poleg tega pa tudi primerjave razlik idealnih in realnih sistemov. V tretjem osrednjem delu diplome so predstavljeni primeri koligativnih lastnosti v naravi in njihova uporabno vrednost za človeka. Pri parnem tlaku je predstavljena destilacija azeotropa in enostaven eksperiment za dokaz razlike parnega tlaka raztopine in vode. Znižanje zmrzišča je predstavljeno na primeru soljenja cest in njegovega vpliva na okolje iz vidika onesnaževanja ter primeru preživetja rib in insektov s pomočjo proteina, ki preprečuje tvorbo ledu v krvi. Na koncu je opisana osmoza z vidika pridobivanja pitne vode iz slanice ter vloga osmoze v rastlinah pri njihovem črpanju vode iz prsti.

Keywords

raztopine;parni tlak;osmoza;zvišanje vrelišča;znižanje tališča;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [B. Horvat]
UDC: 544.352(043.2)
COBISS: 89703683 Link will open in a new window
Views: 291
Downloads: 68
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Colligative properties in everyday life
Secondary abstract: Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in the solution. These include lowering the vapour pressure, increasing the boiling point, lowering the freezing point and osmotic pressure. These properties are important characteristics of any system which are increasingly being exploited by humanity, and some processes in nature are to some extent based on these. Each colligative trait is briefly described in the introduction to the thesis. The second part of the work contains the theoretical foundations, the most important connections for calculating colligative properties, as well as comparisons of the differences between ideal and real systems. The third central part of the work presents examples of colligative properties in nature and their useful value for humans. At vapour pressure, azeotrope distillation is presented and a simple experiment to present the vapour pressure difference of solution and water. Freezing point reduction is presented in the case of road salting and its impact on the environment in terms of pollution, and in the case of the survival of fish and insects with the help of a protein that prevents the formation of ice in the blood. Finally, osmosis is described in terms of obtaining drinking water from brine and the role of osmosis in plants in their pumping of water from the soil.
Secondary keywords: colligative properties;vapor pressure;freezing point depression;osmosis;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000374
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, VSŠ Kemijska tehnologija
Pages: 30 str.
ID: 14060812