(magistrsko diplomsko delo)
Elizabeta Korenčan (Author), Maša Kovič Dine (Mentor)

Abstract

Mednarodna trgovina lahko predstavlja nevarnost okolju, zato se je v mednarodnem okoljskem pravu pojavilo več sporazumov o omejitvah trgovine na določenih področjih. Neposredno nevarnost trgovina predstavlja mnogim ogroženim živalskim in rastlinskim vrstam. Na tem področju deluje konvencija CITES, ki postavlja omejitve mednarodni trgovini. Cilj konvencije CITES je ustrezno zavarovati ogrožene prostoživeče vrste pred njihovo pretirano potrošnjo. Omejevanje trgovine z namenom varovanja okolja pa lahko pride v konflikt s pravili mednarodnega trgovinskega prava, katerega temelje sta postavila Svetovna trgovinska organizacija (STO) in Splošni sporazum o trgovini in carinah (GATT). Mednarodno trgovinsko pravo ima cilj odpraviti omejitve svobodni trgovini. Sporazum GATT pa vključuje splošne izjeme, ki dovoljujejo omejitve trgovine zaradi varovanja okolja. Naloga obravnava ukrepe konvencije CITES in njihovo skladnost s sporazumom GATT. Konvencija CITES države pooblašča, da uvedejo prekinitev trgovanja, izvozne kvote in pogojuje trgovanje s predložitvijo CITES dovolilnic. Poudarek naloge je predvsem skladnost ukrepov konvencije CITES s splošnimi izjemami XX. člena sporazuma GATT. Splošne izjeme dopuščajo omejitve trgovine, če to varuje živali ali rastline in, če ukrep ni samovoljno in neupravičeno diskriminatoren zoper države članice STO. Pri interpretaciji sporazuma GATT je v pomoč obsežna praksa organa za reševanje sporov (DSB), ki deluje v okviru STO. Kljub temu, da je DSB vedno bolj naklonjeno omejitvam za varovanje okolja, so standardi presoje posameznih ukrepov še vedno zelo strogi. Največja ovira za varovanje okolja preko omejitev trgovine je uvodni odstavek XX. člena, ki prepoveduje samovoljno in neupravičeno diskriminacijo. Do spora o ukrepih konvencije CITES pred DSB še ni prišlo, a več ukrepov bi lahko bilo spoznanih za neskladne s sporazumom GATT.

Keywords

CITES;GATT;mednarodno trgovinsko pravo;splošne izjeme;ogrožene živalske in rastlinske vrste;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [E. Korenčan]
UDC: 341:502:347.7(043.2)
COBISS: 92928259 Link will open in a new window
Views: 185
Downloads: 45
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Restrictions of international trade as a tool for conservation in international environmental law
Secondary abstract: International trade may present a danger to the environment, hence a number of international environmental law agreements limiting trade have been established. Trade presents a direct harm to many threatened animal and plant species. CITES, which sets limitations on international trade, works in this area. The goal of CITES is to adequately protect threatened wild species from their overconsumption. Restricting trade to protect the environment may, however, conflict with the rules of international trade law, which are based on the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). International trade law aims to remove restrictions on free trade. However, the GATT includes general exceptions that allow certain restrictions on trade for environmental protection purposes. This thesis discusses measures of the CITES convention and their congruity with GATT. CITES authorises countries to implement trade suspensions, export quotas and conditions trade on submitting CITES permits. The general exceptions allow for limits on free trade if they protect animal and plant species and do not constitute arbitrary or unjustified discrimination. Aiding in the interpretation of the GATT agreement is the extensive case law of the dispute settlement body (DSB) of the WTO. Despite the DSB progressively being more in favour of limitations for environmental protection, the standards of assessment towards individual measures are still rather strict. The largest obstacle to environmental protection through trade limitation is the chapeau of the XX. Article of GATT, which prohibits arbitrary or unjustified discrimination. No dispute concerning measures of the CITES convention has yet been brought before the dispute settlement body, however, a few CITES measures could be considered inconsistent with GATT.
Secondary keywords: CITES;GATT;international trade law;general exceptions;threatened animal and plant species;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pravna fak.
Pages: VII, 59 f.
ID: 14229712