Janez Ekart (Author), Niko Samec (Author), Filip Kokalj (Author), Brigita Polanec (Author)

Abstract

Namen raziskovalnega dela v predstavljenem članku je bil z matematičnim modelom poiskati rešitev za pripravo trdnih goriv iz nenevarnih odpadkov, ki se lahko predelajo v trdno gorivo v skladu z veljavno nacionalno zakonodajo. Nenevarni odpadki so definirani z DIREKTIVO 2008/98/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta (19. 11. 2008) - Priloga III1. Z uporabo matematičnega modela in njegovim orodjem občutljivosti, vezanim na posamezne lastnosti vhodnih odpadnih materialov, smo iz razpoložljivih odpadnih materialov z znanimi parametri njihovega organskega in anorganskega dela poiskali rešitev za njihovo najbolj optimalno izrabo. Iz razpoložljivih odpadnih materialov smo v maksimalnem masnem deležu pripravili zahtevano trdno gorivo z vsemi potrebnimi kakovostnimi lastnostmi z najvišjim mogočim kakovostnim razredom in iz preostanka razpoložljivih masnih tokov ostanek trdnega goriva slabše kakovosti, ki ga pa še vedno lahko plasiramo na trgu z možnostjo sosežiga v cementarnah ali sežigalnicah odpadkov. Pri ugotavljanju kakovosti nenevarnih odpadkov in trdnega goriva je bilo pomembno njihovo pravilno vzorčenje, ki se je izražalo v stopnji homogenizacije vzorcev, ki imajo vsak zase svoje kemijske, fizikalne in energijske lastnosti. Analiza kovinskega dela nenevarnih odpadkov je bila pomembna zaradi podatkov o pričakovanih emisijskih vrednostih v dimnih plinih, letečem pepelu, pepelu in žlindri, ki nastane pri sosežigu trdnega goriva v kurilni napravi. Analiza nekovinskega dela nenevarnih odpadkov je bila pomembna z vidika energijske vrednosti trdnega goriva in tehnoloških ter okoljskih posledic. Rezultati raziskovalnega dela so pokazali, da je mogoče iz razpoložljivih nenevarnih odpadkov doseči sorazmerno majhen masni delež visokokakovostnega trdnega goriva iz odpadkov glede na celotno razpoložljivo maso odpadkov, ki je sedaj v Sloveniji.

Keywords

nenevarni odpadki;trdno gorivo;kurilna vrednost;matematični model;razred trdnega goriva;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UM FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Publisher: Inštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije Ljubljana
UDC: 519.61/.64:662.62
COBISS: 16725782 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1580-2949
Parent publication: Materiali in tehnologije
Views: 1140
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂprocesses of preparation for the production of solid fuels from non-hazardous waste
Secondary abstract: The purpose of the research work in the presented article was to find a solution, by means of a mathematic model, to the problem of how to prepare solid fuels from non-hazardous waste that can be processed into solid fuels according to the national law in force. Non-hazardous waste is defined by the DIRECTIVE 2008/98/ES of the European Parliament and the Council (19.11.2008) - Annex III.1 With the application of a mathematical model and its sensitivity tool, depending on the individual characteristics of the input waste material, the optimal utilization of different waste streams at disposal based on organic and inorganic parameters for the most optimal solution for exploitation was calculated. From the waste material at disposal the desired solid fuel was made in the maximum mass amount with all the necessary qualitative characteristics with the highest quality class and from the rest of the available mass stream solid fuel of lower quality that can still be placed on the market for incineration at cement kilns or incinerators was made. When defining the quality of non-hazardous waste and solid fuel one of the most important tasks of the research was to sample the waste and the fuel correctly, which was reflected in the degree of sample homogenization to find out the chemical, physical and energy characteristics. The analysis of the metal part of the non-hazardous waste was important because of the data about the expected air-emission values of the flue gas, the fly ash, the ash and the slag that occurs when incinerating solid fuel in the heating system. The analysis of the non-metal part of the non-hazardous waste was important from the view of the calorific value of the solid fuel and of the technological and environmental impact. The results of the research showed that it is possible to achieve from the non-hazardous waste at disposal a relatively small mass fraction of high-quality solid fuel from waste according to the whole amount of mass available in Slovenia at present.
Secondary keywords: non-hazardous waste;solid fuels;calorific value;mathematical model;classification of solid fuels;
URN: URN:NBN:SI
Type (COBISS): Scientific work
Pages: str. 29-35
Volume: ǂLetn. ǂ47
Issue: ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology: jan.-feb. 2013
ID: 1439346