Vpliv prava EU na substančno delovno pravo

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Teja Peče (Author), Petra Weingerl (Mentor), Darja Senčur Peček (Co-mentor)

Abstract

EU ima danes na podlagi 2. odstavka 4. člena PDEU na področju socialne politike z državami članicami deljene pristojnosti. Naravo in obseg pooblastil EU pa podrobneje opredeljuje zlasti 153. člen PDEU, ki kot krovna določba predstavlja tudi podlago za sprejem direktiv in priporočil. Neimplementacija ali nepopolna implementacija direktive, po poteku implementacijskega roka, je na področju delovnega prava izredno problematična, saj se skladno s sodno prakso Sodišča možnost sklicevanja na neposredni učinek direktiv priznava le zaposlenim v javnem sektorju in ne tudi zaposlenim v zasebnem sektorju. Z vidika varstva temeljnih (socialnih) pravic je navedeno razlikovanje arbitrarno, nevzdržno in nedopustno. Na podlagi podrobne vsebinske analize sodne prakse Sodišča in stališč priznanih akademikov je mogoče zaznati, da pravo EU izravnava odsotnost horizontalnega učinka direktiv s široko razlago pojma »država«, lojalno oz. konsistentno razlago in dopustnostjo sklicevanja na splošna načela prava EU. Navedeno od nacionalnih sodnikov zahteva dobro poznavanje prava EU in veliko mero kreativnosti. Prav tako pa de iure in de facto ustvarja »sivo polje« (učinkovite) zaščite, kadar dejansko stanje zadeve ne izpolnjuje (zahtevanih) kriterijev. Varstvo temeljnih (socialnih) pravic je dobilo nove razsežnosti s sprejemom Lizbonske pogodbe, ki je Listini EU podelila zavezujočo pravno naravo. Uporaba Listine EU je na področju nacionalnega (delovnega) prava zahtevna, kar nekaj nejasnosti pa povzroča tudi pravna narava njenih določb. Listina EU kljub temu predstavlja pomemben premik v smeri izboljšanja varstva zaposlenih v zasebnem sektorju, saj skladno s sodno prakso Sodišča temeljne pravice Listine EU (ob izpolnjevanju določenih pogojev) varujejo tudi zasebno-pravna razmerja. Sklepno je možna ugotovitev, da je sodna praksa Sodišča izjemno pomembna tudi z vidika razlage in razumevanja materialnega delovnega prava EU. Analiza sodne prakse Sodišča na izbranem vidiku delovnega časa potrjuje, da restriktivna razlaga pojma ni mogoča. Prav tako pa je tudi odličen primer neuspešnemu nasprotovanju, s strani držav članic in Komisije, po pridobivanju ter, kot se na prvi pogled zdi, širitvi pristojnosti prava EU.

Keywords

temeljne pravice;človekove pravice;pravo EU;Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah;pravica do poštenih in pravičnih delovnih pogojev;delovno pravo EU;Direktiva o delovnem času;pojem »delovni čas«.;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[T. Peče]
UDC:	342.7:349.2(043.3)
COBISS:	115009539
Views:	452
Downloads:	235
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The impact of EU law on substantive labour law: selected aspects
Secondary abstract:	Under Paragraph 2 of Article 4 of the TFEU, the EU exercises shared competences with the Member States in the fields of social policy. The nature and scope of powers of the EU are detailed in particular by Article 153 of the TFEU which as an umbrella provision is used as the basis for the adoption of directives and recommendations. The non- or incomplete implementation of a directive after the expiration of the implementation deadline in the field of labour law has been found to be extremely problematic. In line with the settled case-law of the Court of Justice, the direct effect of directives may be relied on solely by public sector and not also by private sector employees. From the perspective of the protection of fundamental (social) rights, the aforementioned distinction is arbitrary, unjustifiable, and inadmissible. A detailed substantive analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice and the positions of recognised scholars has indicated that EU law compensates for the absence of a horizontal effects of directives by a broad interpretation of the term »state«, a loyal or consistent interpretation and admissibility of the general principles of EU law. The above requires a good understanding of EU law and a high degree of inventiveness from national judges. In addition, it also creates de iure and de facto a »grey area« of (effective) protection when the facts of the case do not fulfil the (required) criteria. The protection of fundamental (social) rights took on a new dimension with the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty according a legally binding nature to the EU Charter. The application of the EU Charter in the field of national (labour) law has been proven challenging, not to mention a rather significant number of vague aspects caused by the legal nature of its provisions. Nevertheless, the EU Charter marks an important milestone in the improvement of protection of private sector employees as, in compliance with the case-law of the Court of Justice, the fundamental rights of the EU Charter (if certain conditions are satisfied) also protect legal relationships governed by private law. To conclude, it has also been found that the case-law of the Court of Justice has proven extremely relevant for the interpretation and understanding of EU material labour law. An analysis of case-law of the Court of Justice in terms of the aspect of working hours has shown that a restrictive interpretation of the term is not possible. In addition, it also serves as an excellent example of futile opposition of the Member State and Commission to the conferral and, as it appears at prima facie, the expansion of the competences of EU law.
Secondary keywords:	fundamental rights;human rights;EU law;Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union;right to fair and just working conditions;EU labour law;Working time directive;concept »working time«.;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (100 str.))
ID:	14529940