doktorska disertacija
Boštjan Jakše (Author), Jernej Pajek (Mentor)

Abstract

V zadnjih dveh desetletjih se je zanimanje za strogo rastlinsko (vegansko) prehrano zelo povečalo. V znanstvenih raziskavah že dolgo konsistentno dokazujejo, da je strogo rastlinska prehrana povezana z ugodnimi zdravstvenimi učinki. Vendar pa obstajajo tudi določeni zadržki, predvsem glede hranilne zadostnosti. V sklopu doktorske naloge smo raziskovali tri raziskovalne probleme s tremi raziskavami (dve intervencijski in ena presečna). Namen raziskovanja je bil na zdravih odraslih preiskovancih preveriti učinek intervencijskega programa, ki je vključeval (i) polnovredno rastlinsko prehrano (zaužito do sitosti) z enim do dvema rastlinskima nadomestnima obrokoma Herbalife Nutrition in izbranimi dopolnili k prehrani (vitamin B12, vitamin D v jesenskih in zimskih mesecih, omega-3 dolgoverižne večkrat nenasičene maščobne kisline (EPK in DHK)), (ii) telesno dejavnost in (iii) socialni podporni sistem, na telesno sestavo (z analizatorjem telesne sestave), srčno-žilne dejavnike tveganja (z laboratorijskimi analizami vrednosti serumskih lipoproteinov in meritvami krvnega tlaka) in hranilno zadostnost prehranske intervencije (z metodo 3-dnevnega tehtanega vnosa hrane). Rezultate (i) telesne sestave smo primerjali s priporočili Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije glede ustrezne vrednosti indeksa telesne mase in deleža telesne maščobe, (ii) izbranih dejavnikov tveganja za razvoj srčno-žilnih bolezni s priporočili Evropskega združenja za aterosklerozo in Evropskega združenja za kardiologijo ter (iii) hranilno zadostnost z referenčnimi vrednostmi Nemškega prehranskega društva, Avstrijskega prehranskega društva, Švicarskega društva za raziskovanje prehrane in Švicarskega združenja za prehrano (za vnos sladkorja s priporočili Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije in priporočili znanstveno-svetovalnega odbora Združenega kraljestva za prehrano ter za vnos EPK in DHK s priporočili Evropske agencije za varnost hrane). Rezultati analiz so pokazali pozitivno povezanost med našim intervencijskim programom ter izboljšanjem (npr. znižanje telesne mase v prvi raziskavi za 5,6 kg ob 0,3-kilogramski izgubi mišične mase in 13,4-odstotni izgubi telesne maščobe) in vzdrževanjem ustrezne telesne sestave ter tudi z izboljšanjem (npr. znižanje vrednosti lipoproteinov nizke gostote v prvi fazi druge raziskave s 3,2 mmol/l na 2,6 mmol/l oziroma za 15 %) in vzdrževanjem vrednosti izbranih srčno-žilnih dejavnikov tveganja. Izračun vnosa makrohranil in preučevanih mikrohranil je pokazal, da je polnovredna rastlinska prehrana po vseh naštetih primerjalnih merilih hranilno zadostna (izjemi sta bili mejno odstopanje kalcija in pričakovano premajhen vnos vitamina D v poletnih mesecih). Sodelovanje v intervencijskem programu se je izkazalo za učinkovito metodo pri nadzoru nad ustrezno telesno sestavo in izbranimi srčno-žilnimi dejavniki tveganja, medtem ko se je predpisana intervencijska prehrana izkazala za hranilno zadostno.

Keywords

prehrana;rastlinska prehrana;veganska prehrana;polnovredna rastlinska prehrana;nadomestni obrok;telesna dejavnost;sistem podpore;zdravje;telesna masa;telesna sestava;delež telesne maščobe;srčno-žilne bolezni;hranilna zadostnost;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [B. Jakše]
UDC: 613.2:641.56:641.1
COBISS: 101688835 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 105
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Influence of lifestyle and whole-food plant-based nutrition on body composition and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults
Secondary abstract: In the last two decades, the interest in a strict plant-based (vegan) diet has greatly increased. Scientific research has long consistently proven that a strict plant-based diet is associated with beneficial health effects. However, there are also certain concerns, especially regarding nutritional adequacy. In our thesis, we investigated three research problems in three surveys (two interventional and one cross-sectional). The aim of our thesis was to evaluate the effects of our whole-food plant-based lifestyle program on healthy adult participants. The intervention included (i) whole-food plant-based diet (consumed ad libitum) with one to two Herbalife Nutrition plant-based meal replacements and a selected dietary supplement (vitamin B12, vitamin D in the autumn and winter, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA); (ii) physical activity; and (iii) social support system. We investigated its effects on (i) body composition (with body composition analyser); (ii) cardiovascular risk factors (by laboratory findings of plasma lipoprotein values and blood pressure measurements); and (iii) nutritional adequacy of our dietary intervention (by the three-day weighted food intake method (3-DR)). The results of our research were presented by comparing (i) body composition with World Health Organization recommended values for appropriate values of body mass index and % body fat; (ii) selected risk factors for cardiovascular diseases with the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Atherosclerosis and Cardiology recommendations; and (iii) the nutritional adequacy of the whole-food plant-based diet with German Nutrition Society, Austrian Nutrition Society, Society for Nutrition Research, Swiss Nutrition Association reference values (for sugar intake with World Health Organization and Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition recommendations and for EPA and DHA with European Food Safety Authority recommendations). The results of analyses confirmed a (positive) association between our intervention program and the maintenance and improvement of appropriate body composition (–5.6 kg body mass, –0.3 kg of muscle mass, and –13.4% body fat in the first research) and the maintenance and improvement in the values of selected cardiovascular risk factors (decrease of low-density lipoprotein from 3.2 mmol/l to 2.6 mmol/l, i.e. –15%, in the phase 1 of second research). The calculated intake of macronutrients and studied micronutrients showed that the whole-food plant-based diet was nutritionally adequate by all the above comparative criteria (the exceptions were the marginal deviation of calcium intake and the expected lower vitamin D intake in summer months). Participation in the intervention program proved to be an effective method in controlling the appropriate body composition and selected cardiovascular risk factors, and the prescribed intervention diet to be nutritionally adequate.
Secondary keywords: nutrition;plant-based diet;vegan diet;whole-food;meal replacement;physical activity;support system;health;body mass;body composition;body fat percentage;cardiovascular diseases;nutritional adequacy;
Type (COBISS): Doctoral dissertation
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak.
Pages: XI, 219 str., [32] str. pril.
ID: 14800209