magistrsko delo
Robert Hren (Author), Lidija Čuček (Mentor), Annamaria Kiraly (Co-mentor), Damjan Krajnc (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Izčrpavanje fosilnih virov ter emisije toplogrednih plinov sta najpomembnejša motivacijska dejavnika za prehod iz tradicionalnih energetskih sistemov na inovativne in bolj trajnostne alternative. Vodik predstavlja eno izmed teh možnosti, saj ima visok izkoristek pretvorbe energije, proizvaja se lahko iz vode, ki je v izobilju, omogoča več načinov shranjevanja, lahko se pretvarja v druge oblike energije in ima višjo energijsko vrednost v primerjavi s fosilnimi gorivi. Vodik ima široko možnost uporabe, pri čemer se ga večina uporablja za proizvodnjo kemikalij kot so amonijak, dušikova (V) kislina, metanol, klorovodikova kislina, vodikov peroksid in številnih drugih. Uporablja se tudi kot vir energije za transport, kot raketno gorivo, za redukcijo, za gretje in hlajenje in druge namene. Kot surovina je prisoten v raznih industrijskih procesih, kot je proizvodnja goriv v rafinerijah, redukcija kovinskih rud, proizvodnja nasičenih maščob in druge. V sklopu magistrske naloge smo pregledali različne načine proizvodnje vodika in jih primerjali iz vidika vplivov na okolje. Analizirali smo sledeče načine proizvodnje vodika: klasična proizvodnja vodika iz zemeljskega plina, proizvodnja vodika z uporabo elektrolize vode, pridobivanje vodika iz bioplina in biomase, proizvodnja iz odpadnega aluminija, proizvodnja vodika iz alkohola, proizvodnja iz glicerola kot stranskega produkta proizvodnje biodizla ter proizvodnja vodika iz kislih plinov. Z uporabo programskega orodja OpenLCA in podatkovnih baz Ecoinvent ter Gabi smo analizirali njihov vpliv na okolje iz vidika odtisa toplogrednih plinov, energijskega odtisa, zakisljevanja, evtrofikacije in strupenosti za ljudi. Dobljene rezultate smo med seboj dodatno primerjali z upoštevanjem različnih virov električne energije. Z analizo življenjskega cikla smo ugotovili, da sta na podlagi ocenjenih okoljskih kazalcev najboljši tehnologiji parno reformiranje glicerola in odpadnega alkohola. Prav tako uporaba obnovljivih virov za pridobivanje električne energije drastično zmanjša okoljske vplive, še posebej pri tehnologiji elektrolize vode.

Keywords

Vodik;proizvodne tehnologije;analiza življenjskega cikla;okoljski odtis;vpliv na okolje in zdravje ljudi;magistrske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [R. Hren]
UDC: 661.96:502.1(043.2)
COBISS: 106754051 Link will open in a new window
Views: 205
Downloads: 39
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Overview of hydrogen production technologies and evaluation of their environmental impact
Secondary abstract: Depletion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions from fossil resources are the most important reasons for the transition from traditional energy systems to innovative and more sustainable alternatives. Hydrogen is one of these options as it has high energy conversion efficiency, can be produced from abundant water, allows for multiple storage methods, can be converted into other forms of energy and has a higher calorific value compared to fossil fuels. Hydrogen has a wide range of uses; mostly it is used to produce chemicals such as ammonia, nitric (V) acid, methanol, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide and many others. It is also used as an energy source for transportation, rocket fuel, reduction, heating and cooling and for other purposes. As a raw material, it is present in various industrial processes, such as the production of fuels in refineries, the reduction of metal ores, the production of saturated fats and others. As a part of the master's thesis, different hydrogen production technologies were investigated and compared regarding their impact on environment. The following pathways of hydrogen production were analysed: classical hydrogen production from natural gas, hydrogen production by water electrolysis, hydrogen production from biogas and biomass, production from aluminium scrap, production from alcohol, production from glycerol, which is a by-product of biodiesel production and hydrogen production from acid gases. By using the OpenLCA program and the Ecoinvent and Gabi databases, impact of hydrogen production on the environment was analysed regarding the greenhouse gas footprint, energy footprint, acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity potentials. The results obtained are additionally compared with the use of different electricity sources. Through life cycle assessment, it was found that based on the evaluated environmental categories, the best technologies are glycerol and alcoholic waste steam reforming. In addition, the use of electricity obtained from renewable sources drastically decreases environmental impacts especially in the case of water electrolysis.
Secondary keywords: Hydrogen;production technologies;life cycle analysis;environmental footprint;impact on environment and human health;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 58 f.))
ID: 14997301