Življenjska aktivnost prehranjevanje in pitje pri dojenčku z gastroezofagealnim refluksom

diplomsko delo

Tjaša Pust (Author), Martina Bizjak (Reviewer), Renata Vettorazzi (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Gastroezofagealni refluks (v nadaljevanju GER) je nehotno vračanje želodčne vsebine v požiralnik. Do pojava prihaja zaradi predhodne sprostitve sfinktra požiralnika. Motnja se najpogosteje pojavlja pri dojenčkih do prvega leta in v večini primerov izzveni do dopolnjenega 18. meseca. Ne povzroča zdravstvenih zapletov in jo pogosto lahko obvladamo z manjšimi nefarmakološkimi posegi. Namen: S pomočjo pregleda literature predstaviti življenjsko aktivnost prehranjevanje in pitje pri dojenčku z gastroezofagealnim refluksom. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled domače in tuje strokovne literature. Literaturo smo pridobili preko oddaljenega dostopa Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, COBIB.SI., PubMed, ScienceDirect, s spletnim brskalnikom Google Učenjak in ciljanim iskanjem s spletnim iskalnikom. V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 34 enot literature. Rezultati: Količinsko manjši in pogostejši obroki pri dojenčku zmanjšajo pojavnost GER. Uporaba mlečnih formul pri dojenčku z GER, nima vpliva na pogostost refluksa in se razen v primerih, ko mati ne more dojiti, ne priporoča. Rezultati študij so pokazali, da se je zgoščevanje mleka izkazalo za uspešno pri zmanjševanju epizod GER, vendar so priporočila pri zgoščevanju materinega mleka ali mlečnih formul različna. Položaj dojenčka po hranjenju lahko pripomore pri zmanjševanju GER. V opravljenih študijah navajajo, da je najmanj epizod refluksa zabeleženo pri trebušnem ali levem bočnem položaju, desni bočni položaj pa povezujejo s hitrejšim praznjenjem želodca. Trebušni položaj se od-svetuje zaradi povečanega pojavljanja sindroma nenadne smrti. Rahlo privzdignjeno vzglavje se je po ugotovitvah študij izkazalo za pozitivno pri zmanjševanju simptomov GER. Razprava in zaključek: Dojenje je kljub GER edina priporočljiva hrana za dojenčke do dopolnjenega šestega meseca in kasneje ob dopolnilni prehrani. S pomočjo zgoščevalnih sredstev lahko dosežemo zmanjšano pojavljanje GER, vendar je težko trditi, da je kateri zgoščevalec bolj učinkovit od drugega. Pri zgoščevanju materinega mleka je potrebno paziti, da se ne uporablja zgoščevalec na osnovi škroba zaradi prebavnega encima amilaze v materinem mleku. Da bi dosegli manj epizod GER v postprandialnem obdobju in hitrejše praznjenje želodca, dojenčka namestimo prvo uro v levi bočni položaj in nato v desni bočni položaj z rahlo privzdignjenim vzglavjem. Nefarmakološki posegi se v večini primerov dojenčkov z gastroezofagealnim refluksom, izkažejo za uspešne.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;dojenčki;hranjenje;gastroezofagealni refluks;položaj;zgoščevalci;dojenje;mlečne formule;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[T. Pust]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	111346691
Views:	124
Downloads:	17
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Activity of daily living: eating and drinking in an infant with gastroesophageal reflux
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (hereinafter GER) is the involuntary return of gastric contents to the esophagus, which occurs due to the previous release of the esophageal sphincter. The disorder most commonly occurs in infants up to the the age of one year and in most cases, it resolves itself by the age of 18 months. It does not cause health complications and can often be managed with minor non-pharmacological interventions. Purpose: This study was conducted to present the activity of daily living: eating and drinking in an infant with gastroesophageal reflux. Methods: A review of domestic and foreign professional literature was performed. The literature was obtained through remote access of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana in the databases CINAHL, COBIB.SI., PubMed, ScienceDirect, with the web browser Google Scholar and targeted search with a web search engine. 34 units of literature were included in the literature review. Results: Smaller amounts and more frequent meals for the baby reduce the incidence of GER. The use of milk formulas in infants with GER has no effect on the frequency of reflux and is not recommended unless the mother is unable to breastfeed. The results of the studies showed that milk thickening has been shown to be successful in reducing GER episodes, but the recommendations for thickening breast milk or milk formulas differ. The position of the baby after feeding can help reduce GER. Studies have shown that the smallest number of episodes of reflux have been reported in the abdominal or left lateral position, and that the right lateral position is associated with faster gastric emptying. The abdominal position is not recommended due to the increased incidence of sudden death syndrome. Studies have shown that a slightly raised head is positive in reducing GER symptoms. Discussion and conclusion: Breastfeeding is the only recommended food intake for infants suffering with GER until the age of 6 months, and later with a supplementary diet. With the help of thickeners, we can achieve a reduced occurrence of GER, but it is difficult to argue that one thickener is more effective than the other. When thickening the breast milk, care must be taken not to use a starch-based thickener due to the digestive enzyme amylase in breast milk. To achieve fewer GER episodes in the postprandial period and faster gastric emptying, the infant is placed in the left lateral position for the first hour and then in the right lateral position with the head slightly raised. Non-pharmacological procedures have been shown to be successful in most cases of infants with gastroesophageal reflux.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;infants;feeding;gastroesophageal reflux;position;thickener;breast feeding;milk formula;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	28 str.
ID:	15595289