Etične dimenzije mamografije in problem sevalne obremenjenosti

Melita Sotlar (Author), Bojan Borstner (Mentor)

Abstract

Sodobni razvoj medicine nenehno prinaša nova odkritja, nove tehnologije, posege, uspehe, neuspehe in seveda tveganja. V medicini se izvajajo nove preiskave za zgodnje odkrivanje bolezni, preprečevanje bolezni in uspešno zdravljenje. Med najpogostejšimi boleznimi je pri ženskah še vedno na prvem mestu rak. Incidenca raka dojke v Sloveniji narašča in je najpogostejša zvrst raka pri ženskah v Sloveniji. Mamografija je trenutno najboljša metoda za zgodnje odkrivanje raka na dojki. Zaradi povečanega števila mamografij, še posebno po uvedbi organiziranega, sistematičnega zgodnjega odkrivanja raka dojk (presejanja) v Sloveniji, moramo nameniti več pozornosti sevanju in dozi na dojko. Pri mamografiji je tkivo dojke izpostavljeno ionizirajočemu sevanju, s čimer tvegamo nastanek radiogenega raka. Doza pri mamografiji se izraža s povprečno žlezno dozo na dojko. Opisali smo način izračuna povprečne žlezne doze, kolikšna je doza sevanja na dojko in kakšno je tveganje za nastanek radiogenega raka. Določili smo absolutno oceno tveganja in ocenili, koliko novo nastalih rakov smo povzročili z ionizirajočim sevanjem. Glede na to, da pomen etike v zdravstvu vseskozi narašča in je osnova za etično razmišljanje in odločanje v dilemah, ki se pojavljajo v vsakodnevni praksi, smo v nalogi izpostavili pomembnost (I) etičnih načel, in sicer načela avtonomije, neškodovanja, dobronamernosti in pravičnosti (II), ugotavljali smo njihovo upoštevanje na področju sevalne obremenjenosti (III), preučili kodeksa etike, in sicer Kodeks etike medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov in Kodeks etike radioloških inženirjev in (IV) ugotavljali, ali si posamezna načela, ki so zapisana v kodeksih, nasprotujejo oziroma so v koliziji. Razen kršenja načel smo upoštevali tudi Zakon o pacientovih pravicah, ki za vse primere zdravstvene oskrbe predpisuje standarde primernosti, kakovosti in varnosti.

Keywords

mamografija;rak dojke;povprečna žlezna doza;etiška načela;kodeksi;pravice;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2012
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FF - Faculty of Arts
Publisher:	[M. Sotlar]
UDC:	17:618.19-073.7
COBISS:	1829540
Views:	2222
Downloads:	269
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Ethical dimensions of mammography and ionizing radiation over dose
Secondary abstract:	The development of medicine, brings us not only new discoveries, new technologies, successes and failures but also risks. New examinations for early detection of diseases and their successful treatment are permanently performed in medicine. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in Slovenian female population. Mammography is the best method for its early detection. Because of the increased number of mammographies and asyptomatic women screenings, we have to pay more attention to radiation doses in a screening programme. The breast tissue is exposed to ionising radiation at mammography, which increases the radiation cancer risk. The dose is expressed as an average glandular dose. The method of calculating the average glandular dose has been described, the radiation and the risk of radiation cancer have been estimated. The absolute risk and the number of breast cancers caused by screening asymptomatic women have also been determined. Because of the increasing importance of ethics in medicine and considering ethical aspects and making ethical decisions regarding different dilemmas, which occure in everyday practices, we (I) have exposed the importance of ethical principles: such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. We (II) have determined the consideration of principles during screening mammography and (III) have studied thoroughly the Ethic Codes: The Code of Ethics for Nurses and Nurse Assistants and the Code of Ethics for Radiologic Engineers of Slovenia and we have also (IV) tried to determine if the principles applied are in contradiction or in collision. We have established that at screening mammography certain violations of principles occur. We have also considered the Law of Patients Rights, which regulates suitability, quality and safety standards appropriate during health-care.
Secondary keywords:	mammography;breast cancer;average glandular dose;priciples of ethics;rights;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Pages:	VIII, 116 str.
Keywords (UDC):	philosophy;psychology;filozofija;psihologija;moral philosophy;ethics;practical philosophy;moralna filozofija;etika;praktična filozofija;applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;medical sciences;medicina;gynaecology;obstetrics;ginekologija;porodništvo;
ID:	15734