magistrsko delo
Katja Hočevar (Author), Erna Žgur (Mentor)

Abstract

Vključevanje v družbo je za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju MDR) izredno pomembno. Možnosti, da lahko polno sodelujejo v aktivnostih in se družijo z drugimi, vplivajo na njihovo kakovost življenja. V današnjem času se veliko govori o inkluziji in tudi sodobna družba stremi k čim bolj vključujočemu okolju. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela smo opredelili MDR in njihove značilnosti. Predstavili smo obdobje odraslosti in se pri tem osredotočili na odraslost oseb z MDR. Navedli smo pomembno zakonodajo s področja socialnega vključevanja oseb z MDR. Podrobneje smo predstavili pojem socialna vključenost in socialno vključenost povezali z osebami z MDR. Predstavili smo različne definicije in dejavnike, ki vplivajo na vključenost. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na posamezna področja, s katerimi avtorji definirajo socialno vključenost. Predstavili smo odnose in interakcijo, vključenost v aktivnosti, sprejetost in pripadnost, sisteme podpore in pomoči, ovire in težave ter zaposlovanje. Predstavili smo tudi možnosti za nadaljnjo spodbujanje socialne vključenosti. V raziskavo smo vključili osebe z MDR in strokovne delavce iz skupnosti Barka, ki smo jo tudi predstavili. V empiričnem delu smo raziskovali socialno vključenost odraslih oseb z MDR v manjšem lokalnem okolju. Na podlagi prebrane literature smo pripravili vprašanja za tri osebe z MDR, tri strokovne delavce in tri osebe iz lokalnega okolja. V raziskavo smo vključili osebe iz okolja, ki skupnost Barko poznajo in osebe z MDR sprejemajo. Z njimi so pogosteje v stikih preko raznih dejavnosti in dogodkov, individualno s posameznimi osebami manj. Opravili smo polstrukturirane intervjuje, rezultate in podatke pa obdelali z odprtim kodiranjem. Ugotovili smo, da vsi vključeni ocenjujejo, da so osebe z MDR v lokalno okolje dobro vključene. Tako strokovni delavci kot tudi osebe iz okolja pomembno vlogo na tem področju zaznavajo ravno v pomoči strokovnih delavcev. Zaznali smo, da se osebe iz okolja in strokovni delavci pri odgovarjanju opirajo na celotno skupnost Barka in vse vključene vanjo, ne izhajajo pa samo iz oseb z MDR. V odgovorih smo zaznali, da osebe iz okolja in strokovni delavci ne izhajajo iz pogosteje izhajajo iz celotne skupnosti in manj iz posameznih oseb z MDR. Med slednjimi je bilo zaznati razlike tako na področjih interakcije in vključenosti v aktivnosti. Osebi z MDR, ki sta bolj samostojni in verbalno močnejši, imata širšo socialno mrežo in sta vključeni v več aktivnosti. Pri eni osebi z MDR vključenost in interakcijo bolj spodbujajo strokovni delavci. Socialno mrežo oseb z MDR najpogosteje sestavljajo druge osebe z MDR, prijatelji, strokovni delavci in družina. Odziv ljudi je prav tako različen. Vsi vključeni v raziskavo so sprejetost oseb z MDR ocenili kot dobro, pri tem pa so strokovni delavci in osebe iz okolja zaznavali razlike v sprejetosti glede na stopnjo MDR in njihove značilnosti. Med najpogosteje omenjene ovire so navajali pomanjkanje strokovnih delavcev, kar vpliva na vključenost oseb z MDR v aktivnosti, saj za to potrebujejo spremstvo. Prav tako so kot ovire navedli staranje, vedenjske in komunikacijske značilnosti ter neinformiranost okolja. Ugotovili smo, da sta dve osebi z MDR bolj samostojni in potrebujeta manj pomoči. Vsi vključeni so kot izvajalce pomoči navajali strokovne delavce ali prijatelje. Osebe iz okolja in strokovni delavci spodbujanje socialne vključenosti vidijo v vključenosti v aktivnosti in sodelovanju na projektih in večji prepoznavnosti skupnosti v okolju. Ena oseba iz okolja je prav tako navedla, da predstavlja zaposlitev eno od možnosti za večjo vključenost.

Keywords

lokalno okolje;motnje v duševnem razvoju;skupnost Barka;zakonodaja;kakovost življenja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [K. Hočevar]
UDC: 376:304(043.2)
COBISS: 114089475 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Social inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in local environment
Secondary abstract: Social inclusion is extremely important for people with intellectual disabilities (PID). Their opportunities to be able to fully participate in different activities and to socialise affect their quality of life. Social inclusion is nowadays often talked about and modern society strives to create the most inclusive environment possible. In the theoretical part of this master's thesis, we define PID and their characteristics. We present the period of adulthood, focusing on adulthood in PID. We cite important legislation from the field of social inclusion of PID. We present in more detail the concept of social inclusion and link it to PID. Furthermore, we talk about different definitions and factors that have an influence on social inclusion and focus on the specific areas by which authors define social inclusion. We present the areas of relationships and interaction, inclusion in activities, acceptance and affiliation, systems of support and assistance, obstacles and difficulties, and employment. We also present options for further promoting social inclusion. The research includes individuals with intellectual disabilities and professionals from the Barka community, which we also present. In the empirical part we investigate the social inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in a smaller local environment. Based on the examined literature we prepared questions for three individuals with intellectual disabilities, three professionals and three individuals from the local environment. We conducted semi-structured interviews and processed the results and data with open coding. Everyone participating in the interview estimated that PID were integrated well into the local environment. Both professional workers and people from the local environment consider the assistance of professional workers to have an important role in this. The responses show that the people from local environment and professional workers more often base their answers on the community as a whole and not so much on the individuals with intellectual disabilities. Some differences were noted among the latter, both in interaction and in inclusion in the activities. Two individuals with intellectual disabilities that are more independent and have better verbal skills, also have a wider social circle and participate in more activities. In one individual with intellectual disabilities inclusion and interaction are encouraged more by professional workers. The social circle of PID most often includes other PID, friends, professional workers and family. People's reaction to PID also varies. The study included individuals from local environment, that know the Barka community and accept PID. They are more often in contact with them through different activities and events, although less in contact with specific individuals. Everyone included in this research rated acceptance as good. Professional workers and individuals from local environment also noted differences according to the levels of intellectual disabilities and their characteristics. Among the most frequently mentioned obstacles were the lack of professional staff, which affects the inclusion of PID in activities, as PID require somebody to accompany them in this. They also mentioned ageing, behavioral and communication traits and lack of information in their social environment. The research also showed that two individuals with intellectual disabilities are more independent and require less assistance. Everyone included in the research referred to professional workers or friends as assistance providers. Individuals from local environment and professional workers believe that social inclusion should be encouraged through the participation in different activities and projects and a better recognition of this community in the environment. One person from the local environment also stated that a better inclusion could be achieved through employment.
Secondary keywords: Osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju;Odrasli;Družbena integracija;Lokalna središča;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: 110 str.
ID: 15848394