magistrsko delo
Simon Potokar (Author), Milan Žvan (Reviewer), Blaž Lešnik (Mentor), Matej Majerič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V magistrskem delu smo ugotavljali vpliv telesnih značilnosti na gibalne sposobnosti alpskih smučarjev mlajših starostnih kategorij. V delo je bilo vključenih 146 mladih smučark in smučarjev, ki so se udeležili letnih meritev na Fakulteti za šport, Univerze v Ljubljani. Za kategorijo dečkov letnik 2004–2007 in deklic istega letnika smo izbrali osem gibalnih testov ter trinajst telesnih spremenljivk. Gibalni testi so bili del testne baterije, ki jih Smučarska zveza Slovenije uporablja za preverjanje gibalnih sposobnosti in telesnih mer aktivnih smučarjev. Z analizo podatkov z metodo delnih najmanjših kvadratov (metoda PLS) smo pri mladih smučarjih in smučarkah ugotavljali v kolikšni meri lahko s spremenljivkami telesnih mer pojasnimo delež variance posameznega gibalnega testa. Na istem vzorcu smo s pomočjo korelacijske analize ločeno po spolu ugotavljali tudi povezanost posamezne telesne spremenljivke s posameznim gibalnim testom. Ugotovili smo, da lahko z izbranimi trinajstimi parametri telesne sestave pojasnimo relativno visok delež variance (46–72%) preučevanih gibalnih sposobnosti. Do opazne razlike pa je prišlo, ko smo rezultate primerjali po spolu. Splošni trend nakazuje, da lahko pojasnimo večji delež variance pri dečkih kot pri deklicah. Pri dečkih smo lahko z omenjenimi spremenljivkami telesne sestave napovedali vse od 46% do 78% variance od celotnega vzorca neodvisnih spremenljivk. Nižji delež variance celotnega vzorca neodvisnih spremenljivk smo zaznali zgolj pri spremenljivki SKI9 (r2 = 37.0), kjer smo lahko pojasnili zgolj 37 %. Pri dekletih pa je bil trend deleža variance napovedane spremenljivke v povprečju nižji kot pri dečkih. Z omenjenimi spremenljivkami telesne sestave smo lahko napovedali vse od 28% do 41% variance celotnega vzorca neodvisnih spremenljivk. Nižji delež variance celotnega vzorca neodvisnih spremenljivk smo zaznali zgolj pri spremenljivki STABTRUP (r2 = 10.0), kjer smo pojasnili zgolj 10%. Rezultati kažejo, da lahko pri dečkih pojasnimo večji delež variance kot pri deklicah, kar pomeni, da so meritve telesnih mer pri dečkih boljši indikatorji njihovih gibalnih sposobnosti. Korelacijska analiza je z natančnostjo α ≤ 5% potrdila povezanost med telesnimi merami in gibalnimi sposobnostmi. Razvidno je, da je ta povezanost močnejša pri dečkih kot pri deklicah. Pri dečkih je povezanost močnejša predvsem pri parametrih telesne sestave, ki so povezani z mišično maso. Medtem ko sta pri deklicah izstopala predvsem tista dva parametra telesne sestave, ki sta povezana z maščobno maso oziroma z deležem visceralne maščobe. Razvidno je, da igra telesna sestava pomembno vlogo pri izvedbi oziroma kakovosti izvedbe testov gibalnih sposobnosti. Pomembno je, da gradimo telesno sestavo v smer, ki povečuje gibalno učinkovitost, saj ni vseeno, iz kakšnega »materiala« so tekmovalci. Trenerji bi morali pri dečkih paziti predvsem na opazovanje količine in parametre, povezane z mišično maso, pri dekletih pa na vse parametre, povezane z maščobnim deležem.

Keywords

šport;alpsko smučanje;mlajši starostne kategorije;gibalne sposobnosti;telesne značilnosti;telesna sestava;biološki vidiki športa mladih;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL FŠ - Faculty of Sport
Publisher: [S. Potokar]
UDC: 796.926-053.6
COBISS: 125971715 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Effect of body composition on motor skills in alpine skiing younger age categories
Secondary abstract: This dissertation attempts to ascertain the effect of physical characteristics on performance in young alpine skiers in the age bracket 12 to 14 years of age. The sample pool includes 146 young skiers, male and female, who attended annual measurements at the faculty of sports in Ljubljana. Eight tests and 13 individual body parameters were chosen for both males and females year 2004 - 2007. The physical performance tests were selected from a standard test battery that has been used by the Slovenian skiing association in recent years. The least square method was used to determine the degree to which the body parameters of the participants explains the variance in physical test results. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation between body parameters and individual test performance for each gender group. The results indicate that the selected 13 body parameters can account for a relatively high degree of test variance. For most motor skill related tests, 46 - 72% of variance for the tested variable can be explained. A notable difference emerges when separating the participants by gender. The general trend indicates that a higher degree of variance can be explained by the body parameters in boys than in girls. With boys, we were able to predict 46% to 78% of the variance of the total sample of independent variables with the mentioned body composition variables. A lower share of the mention variance was detected only in the variable SKI9 (r2 = 37.0), where only 37% could be explained. With girls however, the share of the trend of variance of the predicted variable was on average lower than in boys. With the listed body composition variables, we could predict from 28% to 41% of the variance of the entire sample of independent variables. A lower share of the variance was detected only in the variable STABTRUP (r2=10.0), where only 10% were explained. The results show that a greater proportion of variance can be explained in boys than in girls, which means that measurements of body composition in boys are better indicators of their motor skills. Pearson correlation coefficient results demonstrate a correlation between body parameters and test results. The correlation is stronger in boys than in girls. Boys demonstrate a higher degree of correlation in body parameters connected with muscle mass. In girls a higher degree of correlation is observed body parameters dealing with body fat mass and visceral fat area. It is evident that body composition plays an important role in the performance or quality of performance of tests of motor skills. It is important to build body composition in a direction that increases motor efficiency, because it does matter what "material" the competitors are made of. Trainers should pay particular attention to observing the amount and parameters associated with muscle mass, and for girls to all parameters related to fat content.
Secondary keywords: sport;alpine skiing;motor skill;body composition;younger age categories;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za šport
Pages: 74 str.
ID: 15866055